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MSAK-1 > Lower Limb Bones > Flashcards

Lower Limb Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the lower limb?

A

gluteal, thigh, leg (cural), foot (pes)

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2
Q

What bones are included in the gluteal region?

A

hip bone

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3
Q

What bones are included in the thigh region?

A

femur, patella

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4
Q

What bones are included in the leg (cural) region?

A

tibia, fibula

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5
Q

What subdivisions are there of the foot (pes) region?

A

tarsus, metatarsus, 5 digits

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6
Q

What bones are included in the foot (pes) region?

A

7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges

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7
Q

What joints are in the gluteal region?

A

hip joint

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8
Q

What joints are in the thigh region?

A

knee joint

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9
Q

What joints are in the leg (cural) region?

A

proximal and distal tibiofibular joint

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10
Q

What joints are in the foot (pes) region?

A

ankle, subtalar, tarsometatarsal, metatarsalphalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal

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11
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

right and left hip bone

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12
Q

What are the hip bones also known as?

A

coxal or inomiated bone

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13
Q

How many parts make up the hip bone? What are those parts?

A

3: ilium, pubis, ischium

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14
Q

How many surfaces and borders does the hip bones have?

A

2 surfaces, 5 borders

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15
Q

The external (gluteal) surface of the hip bone is crossed by what?

A

3 lines: posterior, anterior, and inferior gluteal lines

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16
Q

Where is the supra-acetabular groove (sulcus) located? What does it give attachment to?

A

located on the anterior surface of the ilium and gives attachment to the reflected head of rectus femoris

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17
Q

What are the surfaces of the iliac fossa called? What is the difference between them?

A

internal surface: large, smooth and concave surface

behind internal surface is a rough surface divided into an anterior and posterior portion

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18
Q

What is the difference between the anterior portion and the posterior portion of the surface behind the internal surface on the iliac fossa?

A

anterior portion is an auricular surface that articulates with a similar surface on the side of the sacrum ( SI Joint, and the rough posterior portion (iliac tuberosity) is for attachment of ligaments

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19
Q

What bone does the arcuate line belong to?

A

ilium

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20
Q

Where is the arcuate line of the ilium?

A

internal surface of the hip bone

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21
Q

Where is the iliac crest of the hip bone?

A

superior border

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22
Q

What does the iliac crest of the hip bone look like?

A

surface is broad, and is convex and ends in the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

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23
Q

How is the surface of the iliac crest divided?

A

outer, intermediate, and inner lips

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24
Q

Where is the lilac tubercle (tuberculum)

A

approximately 5 cm behind ASIS on outer lip

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25
Q

What are the projections on the anterior border of the ilium? What separates them?

A

anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine, separated by the inomiate notch

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26
Q

Is the ASIS superior or inferior to the inomiate notch?

A

superior

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27
Q

Is the anterior inferior iliac spine inferior or superior to the inomate notch?

A

inferior

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28
Q

Where is the iliopectineal (iliopubic) eminence? What does it landmark?

A

medial to anterior inferior spine, marks the point of union of ilium and pubis

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29
Q

What are the projections of the posterior border of the ilium?

A

posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine

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30
Q

Where is the greater sciatic notch?

A

below the posterior inferior iliac spine

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31
Q

What does the ischium form?

A

the lower and back part of this hip bone

32
Q

How is the ischium divided?

A

into a body and a ramus

33
Q

How much does the body of the ischium constitute of the acetabulum?

A

2/5

34
Q

Describe the ischial spine

A

a thin and pointed triangular eminence from the ischium posterior border and extends backward

35
Q

What is the greater sciatic notch? Where is it?

A

a large notch above the ischial spine

36
Q

What is the lesser sciatic notch? Where is it?

A

a small notch below the ischial spine

37
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity? Where is it?

A

a large swelling on the postero-inferior aspect of the body of the ischium

38
Q

Describe what the ischium ramus looks like and where it is

A

it is thin and descends from the ischial tuberosity

39
Q

What forms the inferior border (ischiopubic) ramus?

A

the ischium ramus and the inferior ramus of the pubis

40
Q

What does the pubis form?

A

the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone

41
Q

How is the pubis divided?

A

it has a body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

42
Q

What forms the pubic symphysis?

A

the bodies of the R + L pubic bone articulate with each other at the midline

43
Q

Where is the pubic crest?

A

on the superior surface of the pubis

44
Q

How are the pubic crest and pubic tubercle related?

A

the pubic crest is rounded on the superior surface of the pubis and ends laterally as the prominent pubic tubercle

45
Q

Where is the superior ramus of the pubis and what does it do?

A

projects postero-laterally from the body of the pubis and joins the ilium and ischium at its base which is positioned towards the acetabulum

46
Q

What is the pectineal line (pubic pectin)?

A

the superior border of the superior ramus of the pubis

47
Q

What is the iliopectineal eminence and where is it?

A

a rough eminence at the junction of the superior ramus of the pubis and the ilium superiorly

48
Q

What forms the upper boundary of the obturator foramen?

A

superior ramus of the pubis

49
Q

What attaches to the margins of the obturator foramen?

A

obturator membrane

50
Q

What forms the ischio-pubic ramus?

A

the inferior ramus of the pubis and the inferior ischial ramus

51
Q

What does the inferior ramus of the pubis look like?

A

thin and flattened

52
Q

What does the acetabulum look like? Where is it located?

A

a deep cup-shaped hemispherical depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone

53
Q

What forms the acetabulum?

A

the pubis medially, ilium superiorly, and the ischium laterally and inferiorly

54
Q

Where is the acetabular notch? Is it shallow or deep?

A

a deep notch inferior to the acetabulum

55
Q

True or false: the acetabular fossa articulates with the femur

A

false: the acetabular fossa is a non-articular depression at the body of the acetabulum

56
Q

What surface of the coxal bone articulates with the head of the femur?

A

a curved articular surface in the acetabulum of the coxal bone called the lunate surface

57
Q

What is the longest and strongest bone in the skeleton?

A

femur

58
Q

How is the femur divided?

A

into a body and two ends

59
Q

What does the proximal end of the femur present?

A

a head, neck, and greater/lesser trochanter

60
Q

Describe the head of the femur

A

spherical in shape and is directed superiorly, medially, and slightly anteriorly

61
Q

What does the fovea capitis femoris look like? Where is it?

A

an ovoid depression situated a little inferior and posterior to the centre of the head of the femur

62
Q

Describe the greater trochanter and where is it?

A

is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence situated at the junction of the neck and upper part of the shaft

63
Q

What does the lesser trochanter look like?

A

conical eminence

64
Q

what connects the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur anteriorly?

A

intertrochanteric line

65
Q

What connects the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur posteriorly?

A

intertrochanteric crest

66
Q

What shape is the body/shaft of the femur

A

almost cylindrical

67
Q

What strengthens the shaft of the femur?

A

linea aspera

68
Q

What is the linea aspera?

A

a prominent longitudinal ridge which is prolonged superiorly by three ridges

69
Q

What are the ridges that prolong the linea aspera?

A

gluteal tuberosity laterally, medial/lateral supracondylar ridges

70
Q

True or false: the linea aspera is a smooth ridge

A

False: the linea aspera has two lips (medial and lateral) on the middle 1/3 of the bone

71
Q

Where are the medial/lateral condyles of the femur? What do they look like?

A

on the distal end of the femur, they look like two oblong eminences

72
Q

What separates the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

A

a smooth and shallow articular depression called the patellar surface

73
Q

What does the intercondylar fossa look like? Where is it?

A

on the posterior side of the distal end of the femur is a deep notch between the medial and lateral condyles

74
Q

Is the lateral or medial condyle of the femur more prominent than the other?

A

lateral

75
Q

Where is the adductor tubercle of the femur?

A

on top of the medial epicondyle of the femur

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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