Lower Limb Bones

Question 1

What are the regions of the lower limb?

Answer 1

gluteal, thigh, leg (cural), foot (pes)

Question 2

What bones are included in the gluteal region?

Answer 2

hip bone

Question 3

What bones are included in the thigh region?

Answer 3

femur, patella

Question 4

What bones are included in the leg (cural) region?

Answer 4

tibia, fibula

Question 5

What subdivisions are there of the foot (pes) region?

Answer 5

tarsus, metatarsus, 5 digits

Question 6

What bones are included in the foot (pes) region?

Answer 6

7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges

Question 7

What joints are in the gluteal region?

Answer 7

hip joint

Question 8

What joints are in the thigh region?

Answer 8

knee joint

Question 9

What joints are in the leg (cural) region?

Answer 9

proximal and distal tibiofibular joint

Question 10

What joints are in the foot (pes) region?

Answer 10

ankle, subtalar, tarsometatarsal, metatarsalphalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal

Question 11

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 11

right and left hip bone

Question 12

What are the hip bones also known as?

Answer 12

coxal or inomiated bone

Question 13

How many parts make up the hip bone? What are those parts?

Answer 13

3: ilium, pubis, ischium

Question 14

How many surfaces and borders does the hip bones have?

Answer 14

2 surfaces, 5 borders

Question 15

The external (gluteal) surface of the hip bone is crossed by what?

Answer 15

3 lines: posterior, anterior, and inferior gluteal lines

Question 16

Where is the supra-acetabular groove (sulcus) located? What does it give attachment to?

Answer 16

located on the anterior surface of the ilium and gives attachment to the reflected head of rectus femoris

Question 17

What are the surfaces of the iliac fossa called? What is the difference between them?

Answer 17

internal surface: large, smooth and concave surface

behind internal surface is a rough surface divided into an anterior and posterior portion

Question 18

What is the difference between the anterior portion and the posterior portion of the surface behind the internal surface on the iliac fossa?

Answer 18

anterior portion is an auricular surface that articulates with a similar surface on the side of the sacrum ( SI Joint, and the rough posterior portion (iliac tuberosity) is for attachment of ligaments

Question 19

What bone does the arcuate line belong to?

Answer 19

ilium

Question 20

Where is the arcuate line of the ilium?

Answer 20

internal surface of the hip bone

Question 21

Where is the iliac crest of the hip bone?

Answer 21

superior border

Question 22

What does the iliac crest of the hip bone look like?

Answer 22

surface is broad, and is convex and ends in the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Question 23

How is the surface of the iliac crest divided?

Answer 23

outer, intermediate, and inner lips

Question 24

Where is the lilac tubercle (tuberculum)

Answer 24

approximately 5 cm behind ASIS on outer lip

Question 25

What are the projections on the anterior border of the ilium? What separates them?

Answer 25

anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine, separated by the inomiate notch

Question 26

Is the ASIS superior or inferior to the inomiate notch?

Answer 26

superior

Question 27

Is the anterior inferior iliac spine inferior or superior to the inomate notch?

Answer 27

inferior

Question 28

Where is the iliopectineal (iliopubic) eminence? What does it landmark?

Answer 28

medial to anterior inferior spine, marks the point of union of ilium and pubis

Question 29

What are the projections of the posterior border of the ilium?

Answer 29

posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 30

Where is the greater sciatic notch?

Answer 30

below the posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 31

What does the ischium form?

Answer 31

the lower and back part of this hip bone

Question 32

How is the ischium divided?

Answer 32

into a body and a ramus

Question 33

How much does the body of the ischium constitute of the acetabulum?

Answer 33

2/5

Question 34

Describe the ischial spine

Answer 34

a thin and pointed triangular eminence from the ischium posterior border and extends backward

Question 35

What is the greater sciatic notch? Where is it?

Answer 35

a large notch above the ischial spine

Question 36

What is the lesser sciatic notch? Where is it?

Answer 36

a small notch below the ischial spine

Question 37

What is the ischial tuberosity? Where is it?

Answer 37

a large swelling on the postero-inferior aspect of the body of the ischium

Question 38

Describe what the ischium ramus looks like and where it is

Answer 38

it is thin and descends from the ischial tuberosity

Question 39

What forms the inferior border (ischiopubic) ramus?

Answer 39

the ischium ramus and the inferior ramus of the pubis

Question 40

What does the pubis form?

Answer 40

the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone

Question 41

How is the pubis divided?

Answer 41

it has a body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

Question 42

What forms the pubic symphysis?

Answer 42

the bodies of the R + L pubic bone articulate with each other at the midline

Question 43

Where is the pubic crest?

Answer 43

on the superior surface of the pubis

Question 44

How are the pubic crest and pubic tubercle related?

Answer 44

the pubic crest is rounded on the superior surface of the pubis and ends laterally as the prominent pubic tubercle

Question 45

Where is the superior ramus of the pubis and what does it do?

Answer 45

projects postero-laterally from the body of the pubis and joins the ilium and ischium at its base which is positioned towards the acetabulum

Question 46

What is the pectineal line (pubic pectin)?

Answer 46

the superior border of the superior ramus of the pubis

Question 47

What is the iliopectineal eminence and where is it?

Answer 47

a rough eminence at the junction of the superior ramus of the pubis and the ilium superiorly

Question 48

What forms the upper boundary of the obturator foramen?

Answer 48

superior ramus of the pubis

Question 49

What attaches to the margins of the obturator foramen?

Answer 49

obturator membrane

Question 50

What forms the ischio-pubic ramus?

Answer 50

the inferior ramus of the pubis and the inferior ischial ramus

Question 51

What does the inferior ramus of the pubis look like?

Answer 51

thin and flattened

Question 52

What does the acetabulum look like? Where is it located?

Answer 52

a deep cup-shaped hemispherical depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone

Question 53

What forms the acetabulum?

Answer 53

the pubis medially, ilium superiorly, and the ischium laterally and inferiorly

Question 54

Where is the acetabular notch? Is it shallow or deep?

Answer 54

a deep notch inferior to the acetabulum

Question 55

True or false: the acetabular fossa articulates with the femur

Answer 55

false: the acetabular fossa is a non-articular depression at the body of the acetabulum

Question 56

What surface of the coxal bone articulates with the head of the femur?

Answer 56

a curved articular surface in the acetabulum of the coxal bone called the lunate surface

Question 57

What is the longest and strongest bone in the skeleton?

Answer 57

femur

Question 58

How is the femur divided?

Answer 58

into a body and two ends

Question 59

What does the proximal end of the femur present?

Answer 59

a head, neck, and greater/lesser trochanter

Question 60

Describe the head of the femur

Answer 60

spherical in shape and is directed superiorly, medially, and slightly anteriorly

Question 61

What does the fovea capitis femoris look like? Where is it?

Answer 61

an ovoid depression situated a little inferior and posterior to the centre of the head of the femur

Question 62

Describe the greater trochanter and where is it?

Answer 62

is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence situated at the junction of the neck and upper part of the shaft

Question 63

What does the lesser trochanter look like?

Answer 63

conical eminence

Question 64

what connects the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur anteriorly?

Answer 64

intertrochanteric line

Question 65

What connects the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur posteriorly?

Answer 65

intertrochanteric crest

Question 66

What shape is the body/shaft of the femur

Answer 66

almost cylindrical

Question 67

What strengthens the shaft of the femur?

Answer 67

linea aspera

Question 68

What is the linea aspera?

Answer 68

a prominent longitudinal ridge which is prolonged superiorly by three ridges

Question 69

What are the ridges that prolong the linea aspera?

Answer 69

gluteal tuberosity laterally, medial/lateral supracondylar ridges

Question 70

True or false: the linea aspera is a smooth ridge

Answer 70

False: the linea aspera has two lips (medial and lateral) on the middle 1/3 of the bone

Question 71

Where are the medial/lateral condyles of the femur? What do they look like?

Answer 71

on the distal end of the femur, they look like two oblong eminences

Question 72

What separates the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

Answer 72

a smooth and shallow articular depression called the patellar surface

Question 73

What does the intercondylar fossa look like? Where is it?

Answer 73

on the posterior side of the distal end of the femur is a deep notch between the medial and lateral condyles

Question 74

Is the lateral or medial condyle of the femur more prominent than the other?

Answer 74

lateral

Question 75

Where is the adductor tubercle of the femur?

Answer 75

on top of the medial epicondyle of the femur