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DMD2 > trigeminal nerve > Flashcards

trigeminal nerve Flashcards

1
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia is treated with antiseizure meds

Identify nerve branch of trigeminal nerve and do a nerve block to prevent for procedures

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2
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic is the front part

Maxillary (most commonly affected by trigeminal neuralgia)

Mandibular nerve (learn to do a good block)

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3
Q

How does location of bundles of cell bodies of nerves affect what they are called?

A

Nuclei if they happen to be in central nervous system if they are outside the central nervous system they are called ganglia

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4
Q

What are the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

3 sensory nuclei + 1 motor nucleus

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5
Q

What are the functions of trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory to face and scalp

Motor to muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli pallatini, mylohyoid, and the anterior belly of the digastric

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6
Q

Where do the sensory roots originate from?

A

The 3 sensory nuclei:

V1, V2, and V3

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7
Q

Where does the motor root originate from?

A

The motor nucleus.

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8
Q

Where does V1 exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

Where does V2 exit the skull?

A

Lateral wall of the cavernous sinus -> Foramen rotundum

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10
Q

Where does V3 exit the skull?

A

Mandibular nerve through foramen ovale

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11
Q

What are the branches of the opthalmic nerve?

A

Lacrimal

Frontal

Nasociliary

Gives off these branches just before it reaches the superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

What does the opthalmic nerve do?

A

Sensory innervation to:

• The eye (including
cornea and conjunctiva)
• Skin of the upper eyelid,
forehead, back of the
nose, the nasal and
paranasal mucosa.

Parasympathetic fibbers to:
• The lacrimal gland

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13
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve do?

A

It is the smallest branch and enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and moves forward through the lateral wall of the orbit and travels through the lacrimal gland to supply the conjunctiva and the skin of the lateral part of the upper lid.

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14
Q

What does the frontal nerve branch into?

A

Largest branch of opthalmic nerve, enters through superior orbital fissure , medial to lacrimal nerve, and branches into supraorbital (larger and leaves orbit through supraorbital foramen) and supratrochlear (skin and conjunctiva of the upper eyelid)

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15
Q

What does the nasocilliary branch do?

A

Connects with nasocilliary ganglion and supplies the iris and cornea

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16
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Sensory

 Branches:
• Pterygopalatine fossa
– Zygomatic nerve
– Infraorbital nerve
– Nasopalatine nerve
– Posterior superior alveolar nerve
– Greater and lesser palatine nerves
– Pharyngeal nerve
• Infraorbital canal
– Middle superior alveolar nerve
– Anterior superior alveolar nerve
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17
Q

What are the main branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Zygomatic nerve: Branches off the maxillary nerve close to lateral wall of orbit. Branches ito zyg

Infraorbtal nerve

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18
Q

What are the main branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Zygomatic nerve: Branches off the maxillary nerve close to lateral wall of orbit. Branches ito zyg

Infraorbtal nerve

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19
Q

How should maxillary teeth be blocked?

A

Inject into root by putting needle through the alveolar bone 12mm up the tooth’s shape and numbing the root

20
Q

What is the function of the mandibular nerve?

A

Mandibular nerve is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve

Function is mixed:

Sensory:

– Mandibular teeth and gingivae
– The skin of temporal region
– Lower lip and lower face
– Mucosa of the anterior 2/3 tongue and floor of
the oral cavity

Motor:

– Muscles of mastication

21
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

3 branches, meningeal, anterior and posterior

22
Q

Why is buccal nerve sometimes blocked?

A

Buccal block to prevent sensory innervation from the buccal nerve of mandibular nerve.

23
Q

What nerve does the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve communicate with?

A

Communicates with facial nerve

24
Q

Which of the opthalmic nerve branches is most lateral and which is most medial? Which is largest and which is smallest?

A

Lacrimal nerve is most lateral and is smallest

Frontal nerve is largest and medial to the lacrimal nerve but lateral to the nasocilliary nerve

Nasocilliary nerve is most medial and not as big as the frontal nerve nor as small as the lacrimal gland.

25
Q

What is the function of the maxillary nerve?

A

It is sensory

26
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve that go through the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Zygomatic nerve (IMPORTANT)

Infraorbital nerve (IMPORTANT)

Nasopalatine nerve

Posterior superior alveolar nerve

Greater and Lesser palatine nerves

Pharyngeal nerve

27
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve that go to the infraorbital canal?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve

Anterior superior alveolar nerve

28
Q

What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?

A

Branches off the maxillary nerve close to the lateral wall of the orbit then branches into:

Zygomaticotemporal nerve (innervates the temple)

Zygomaticofacial nerve (Innervates the prominence of the cheek)

29
Q

Where does the infraorbital nerve go to emerge on the face?

A

Through the infraorbital foramen

30
Q

What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve do?

A

It is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve and has mixed sensory and motor function.

31
Q

What are the sensory functions of the mandibular nerve?

A

Mandibular teeth and gingivae

The skin of the temporal region

Lower lip and lower face

Mucosa of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the floor of the oral cavity

32
Q

What are the motor functions of the mandibular nerve?

A

Muscles of mastication

33
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve leave the brain through?

A

The foramen ovale; 4cm deep just anterior to the condyle and passes between tensor veli palatini and lateral pterygoid

34
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Meningeal

Anterior

Posterior

35
Q

What is the function of the anterior branch of the mandibular nerve?

A

Motor to muscles of mastication

Forms the buccal nerve which is sensory (Buccal nerve of mandibular nerve is the ideal nomenclature) to the cheek

36
Q

What are the functions of the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve? (list branches and/or muscle innervations)

A

Sensory:

Branches into auriculotemporal lingual, and inferior alveolar nerve

Motor:

Myelohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles

37
Q

What are the nerve branches of the anterior trunk that go to the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter nerve (Masseter muscle with articular branches to the TMJ)

Deep temporal nerve (Anterior and posterior branches to the temporalis muscle)

Lateral pterygoid nerve (To lateral pterygoid muscle)

38
Q

Where does the buccal nerve of the mandibular nerve go after branching off the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

A

Goes through the two heads of lateral pterygoid and innervates the buccal mucosa + posterior buccal gingivae of 2nd and 3rd lower molars.

39
Q

What are the branches of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

A

3 sensory branches: Auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerve

Motor branches: Myelohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric

40
Q

What is the function of the auriculotemporal nerve?

A

It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve that is sensory and parasympathetic.

41
Q

What is the route of the auriculotemporal nerve?

A

Passes behind the TMJ and upper parts of the parotid gland (communicates with facial nerve) before it branches into a cutaneous branch (tragus and posterior part of the temple) and a parasympathetic root that goes to the parotid gland

42
Q

What is the function of the lingual division of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

A

Sensory:

Mucosa of anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Floor of the mouth

Mandibular lingual gingivae

43
Q

What joins the lingual division of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

A

Joined by chorda tympani from the facial nerve

44
Q

What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve?

A

It is sensory

45
Q

What is the route of the inferior alveolar nerve after it branches away from the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

A

It enters the mandible via the mandibular foramen (accompanied by inferior alveolar artery), and branches into the mental nerve and a main branch.

46
Q

What are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve and what do they do?

A

Mental nerve: Exits the mental foramen and provides innervation to skin of the lower lip, buccal gingiva of lower 6 to 6 and labial mucosa

Main branch: Supplies lower teeth and crosses the midline

DMD2 (89 decks)

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