Periodontal anatomy 1

Question 1

What layers form the gingiva?

Answer 1

Gingiva is part of the mucosa of the mouth. Consists of lamina propria and epithelium just like the material that makes up the GIT.

Question 2

What are the 4 main components of the periodontium?

Answer 2

Gingiva

Periodontal ligament

Cementum

Alveolar bone

Question 3

Which parts of the periodontium are protective?

Answer 3

The gingiva (provides sealing protection)

Question 4

Which parts of the periodontium are supportive?

Answer 4

Periodontal ligament

Cementum

Alveolar bone

Question 5

How are the components of the gingiva different?

Answer 5

They are distinct in location, architecture, biochemical composition, and chemical composition.

Question 6

How are teeth connected to the alveolar bone?

Answer 6

Macroscopically the teeth are connected to the bone via cementum and connective tissue called the periodontal ligament.

Alveolar process is the base of the bone where the apex connects to the alveolar bone.

Question 7

What is the masticatory mucosa?

Answer 7

Gingiva and the covering of the hard palate are keratinized and they are called the masticatory mucosa

Question 8

What is the gingiva?

Answer 8

The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and the necks of the teeth.

Question 9

What mucosa covers the tongue?

Answer 9

The dorsum of the tongue is covered by specialized mucosa.

Question 10

What are the types of gingiva and what do they do?

Answer 10

Gingiva can be divided into:

Marginal (cover around every crown aka free gingiva)

Attached (attached to base of teeth with the free gingiva hanging off above it)

Interdental gingiva (between teeth)

Question 11

Is there an abundance of free gingiva?

Answer 11

Not every patient has much free gingiva. Only 20 - 30% of patients that are healthy have lots of free gingiva.

Question 12

How is gum disease diagnosed?

Answer 12

It requires a perio probe. (necessary for diagnosis)

Question 13

Why is attached gingiva necessary for treatment?

Answer 13

Attached gingiva is necessary for treatment otherwise recession would occur.

Question 14

Where is the gingival groove located?

Answer 14

It is located between the free and attached gingiva

Question 15

What is the gingival zenith?

Answer 15

The part of the free gingiva that accomodates the perio probe during examination (the inner free gingiva)

Question 16

What mucosa is located beneath the attached gingiva? What lies between attached gingiva and this mucosa?

Answer 16

Alveolar mucosa

Mucogingival junction lies between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa

Question 17

What is the gingival sulcus?

Answer 17

Gingival sulcus lies between the tooth and the free gingiva

Question 18

What are the components of the interdental gingiva?

Answer 18

Facial papilla

Lingual papilla

Col

Question 19

How are the components of the gingiva attached to the periosteum?

Answer 19

Free gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva. Attached to the periosteum via collagen fibers (like an orange peel),

Question 20

What groove is located between the free and attached gingiva?

Answer 20

The gingival groove

Question 21

What other structural feature of the tooth is related to the appearance of interdental gingiva?

Answer 21

Appearance relates to how the crowns are attached to each other.

Between incisors there is a compact point between the crowns.

Between molars and premolars there are 2 papillae separated by the col.

Question 22

What happens to papillae when there is no contact between crowns?

Answer 22

When there is no contact between the crowns the papillae will be wider. If there is a contact surface you should not probe through the col.

Question 23

What are the 2 biotypes of gingiva? How are they different and how are they similar?

Answer 23

Thick and thin gingiva;

Thick is relatively flat, large amount of attached gingiva, dense fibrotic soft tissue, Shorter crown, more square in shape (shorter sup-inf dimensions)

Thin is more scalloped crowns are longer, papilla are longer, bone is visible with fenestrations (through the gingiva).

Question 24

How are the biotypes differentiated?

Answer 24

Both biotypes can be differentiated by more than 1.5mm = thick. Less than 1.5mm = thin

Question 25

What is the alveolar process?

Answer 25

Alveolar process is the point where the tooth contacts the alveolar bone. Alveolar process is mesenchymal which is distinct from the alveolar bone proper.

Question 26

What are the 2 parts of the alveolar process and how are they different?

Answer 26

2 parts to the alveolar process; alveolar bone proper and supporting alveolar bone and they are embryologically distinct.