Periodontal anatomy 1 Flashcards
What layers form the gingiva?
Gingiva is part of the mucosa of the mouth. Consists of lamina propria and epithelium just like the material that makes up the GIT.
What are the 4 main components of the periodontium?
Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Which parts of the periodontium are protective?
The gingiva (provides sealing protection)
Which parts of the periodontium are supportive?
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone
How are the components of the gingiva different?
They are distinct in location, architecture, biochemical composition, and chemical composition.
How are teeth connected to the alveolar bone?
Macroscopically the teeth are connected to the bone via cementum and connective tissue called the periodontal ligament.
Alveolar process is the base of the bone where the apex connects to the alveolar bone.
What is the masticatory mucosa?
Gingiva and the covering of the hard palate are keratinized and they are called the masticatory mucosa
What is the gingiva?
The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and the necks of the teeth.
What mucosa covers the tongue?
The dorsum of the tongue is covered by specialized mucosa.
What are the types of gingiva and what do they do?
Gingiva can be divided into:
Marginal (cover around every crown aka free gingiva)
Attached (attached to base of teeth with the free gingiva hanging off above it)
Interdental gingiva (between teeth)
Is there an abundance of free gingiva?
Not every patient has much free gingiva. Only 20 - 30% of patients that are healthy have lots of free gingiva.
How is gum disease diagnosed?
It requires a perio probe. (necessary for diagnosis)
Why is attached gingiva necessary for treatment?
Attached gingiva is necessary for treatment otherwise recession would occur.
Where is the gingival groove located?
It is located between the free and attached gingiva
What is the gingival zenith?
The part of the free gingiva that accomodates the perio probe during examination (the inner free gingiva)
What mucosa is located beneath the attached gingiva? What lies between attached gingiva and this mucosa?
Alveolar mucosa
Mucogingival junction lies between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa
What is the gingival sulcus?
Gingival sulcus lies between the tooth and the free gingiva
What are the components of the interdental gingiva?
Facial papilla
Lingual papilla
Col
How are the components of the gingiva attached to the periosteum?
Free gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva. Attached to the periosteum via collagen fibers (like an orange peel),
What groove is located between the free and attached gingiva?
The gingival groove
What other structural feature of the tooth is related to the appearance of interdental gingiva?
Appearance relates to how the crowns are attached to each other.
Between incisors there is a compact point between the crowns.
Between molars and premolars there are 2 papillae separated by the col.
What happens to papillae when there is no contact between crowns?
When there is no contact between the crowns the papillae will be wider. If there is a contact surface you should not probe through the col.
What are the 2 biotypes of gingiva? How are they different and how are they similar?
Thick and thin gingiva;
Thick is relatively flat, large amount of attached gingiva, dense fibrotic soft tissue, Shorter crown, more square in shape (shorter sup-inf dimensions)
Thin is more scalloped crowns are longer, papilla are longer, bone is visible with fenestrations (through the gingiva).
How are the biotypes differentiated?
Both biotypes can be differentiated by more than 1.5mm = thick. Less than 1.5mm = thin
What is the alveolar process?
Alveolar process is the point where the tooth contacts the alveolar bone. Alveolar process is mesenchymal which is distinct from the alveolar bone proper.
What are the 2 parts of the alveolar process and how are they different?
2 parts to the alveolar process; alveolar bone proper and supporting alveolar bone and they are embryologically distinct.
