gingival examination Flashcards
What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis results in reversilble damage to the ginginva
There is no damage to periodontal tissue
What does periodontitis do to the tissue?
Results in permanent damage to periodontal attachment system
Where does the gingival margin lie?
In some cases gingival margin could be coronal and covers the crest of the bone
What happens to ginvi
The level of the gingival margin can change over time in response to..
What are the 4 possible levels of the gingival margins?
Margin at CEJ
Margin in health covers 1, 2, 3 mm
Margin significantly covers CEJ
Margin significantly apical to CEJ
Where is the normal gingival margin in health?
The natural position of the gingival margin in health
The normal level is slightly above the CEJ
What situation can arise when the gingival margin is too high?
The gingival margin significantly covers the CEJ and this is commonly seen in gingivitis
What situation arises when the gingival margin is too low?
Seen on anterior teeth and is seen as recession.
How is recession of the gingiva measured?
Measure and record amount of gingival recession. Measure the distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ
What else should be measured to measure the gingival margin position?*
It is important to determine how far the gingival margin is coronal to its normal level slightly above the CEJ
How is *
Position the tip of the probe at a 45 degree angle to the tooth
Slowly move the probe tip along the tooth until you detect the CEJ
Record the distance between gingival margin and CEJ
What is the difference between probing depth and pocket depth?
Normal sulcus is 1 2 or 3 mm anything deeper is a pocket.
How is periodontal pocket measured?
Using a perio probe which is inserted into the periodontal pocket. The depth of the pocket is 6mm
What is the measurement taken when measuring with a perio probe.
Distance in mm from the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket as measured with a probe.
What must be done when there is bone loss?
If there is bone loss you need to know how much bone has been lost and this cannot be obtained from a radiograph
Is probing depth enough to make a diagnosis?
A probing depth reading alone is not enough for a diagnosis.
What other sign besides measurement is important to know more about pathology? What does it tell us besides about the periodontal health?
Bleeding on probing means there is inflammation.
Bleeding on probing is an indication of potential bone loss. If there is no bleeding there is no bone loss
What else must we know besides the bone support of the tooth?
In addition to bone support what we really need to know is the location of the periodontal attachment system of the root. Attachment loss is common in people with periodontal disease hence the deeper pockets.
What does the periodontal attachment system consist of? (revision)
Junctional epithelium
Gingival fibers
Periodontal ligament fibers
Alveolar bone
What is clinical attachment level?
The estimated positionof the structures that support the tooth as measured witha periodontal probe
What are the gingival margin level readins and probing depth readings used for?
The gingival margin level readings and probing depth readings are used to calculate the clinical attachment level of a tooth
What is the function of the junctional epithelium?
Attaches gingiva to the tooth
What happens during periodontitis?
The periodontal attachment system is destroyed by periodontitis
What is a furcation?*
The place on a multirooted tooth where the root trunk splits into separate roots
What is furcation bone loss?
Loss of alveolar bone between the roots
What is a furcation probe?
A probe that can be put into the furcation to identify it.
It is not straight
What should be noted about maxillary first premolar root number?
Maxillary first premolars MAY be bifurcated
What is a class 1 *
Probe tip can enter partially into the furcation extends about one third of the tooth but no able to pass through completely
What is tooth mobility and what causes it?
Tooth mobility is the loosening of the tooth and is a result of loss of bone and periodontal tissue
WHat is horizontal mobility?
Horizontal mobility is labial lingual
What are the classes of tooth mobility?
Class 1 = Up to 1mm of horiznotal movement
Class 2 = Greater than 1 mm in a facial lingual direction
Class 3 =greater than 1mm in a facial lingual and vertical as well
