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Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

trephination

A

a operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull

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2
Q

Hippocrates

A

a Greek philosopher who maintained that psychological illnesses were influenced by biological factors and could therefore be treated

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3
Q

Galen

A

a Roman philosopher who maintained that psychological illnesses were influenced by biological factors and could therefore be treated

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4
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals in order to save money and benefit the former inpatients

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5
Q

Did deinstitutionalization work?

A

No, because the former patients were unable to care for themselves, ending up homeless and delusional.

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6
Q

preventative efforts

A

psychological problems can be treated proactively, or before they become severe, suffering and cost to client will go down.

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7
Q

primary prevention

A

methods to avoid occurrence of disease

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8
Q

secondary prevention

A

methods to avoid occurrence of disease in people at risk

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9
Q

tertiary prevention

A

methods to diagnose and treat existent disease in early stages before it causes significant morbidity

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10
Q

psychotherapy

A

therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client, patient, family, couple, or group

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11
Q

somatic treatments

A

the use of drugs to treat mental illness

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12
Q

What kind of psychologists use “patient”?

A

psychologists with a biomedical orientation and psychoanalysts

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13
Q

What kind of psychologists use “client”?

A

therapists other than psychologists with a biomedical orientation and psychoanalysts

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14
Q

psychoanalysis

A

a set of techniques developed by Freud for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders

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15
Q

symptom substitution

A

when, after a person is successfully treated for one psychological disorder, that person begins to experience a new psychological problem

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16
Q

hypnosis

A

an altered state of consciousness in which psychoanalysts believe that people are less likely to repress troubling thoughts

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17
Q

free associate

A

to say whatever comes to mind without thinking, supposed to bypass the ego’s censoring and defenses and go straight into the unconscious where the problems are

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18
Q

dream analysis

A

the patient reports the literal content (manifest content) to the psychoanalyst who interprets it to become what it really means (latent/hidden content)

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19
Q

resistance

A

patient objections to the psychoanalyst’s interpretation

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20
Q

transference

A

when patients begin to have strong feelings (negative or positive) toward their therapists

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21
Q

psychodynamic theorists

A

psychologists who are influenced by Freud’s work but have significantly modified his original theory

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22
Q

insight therapies

A

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic treatments and humanistic therapies

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23
Q

self-actualization

A

to reach one’s highest potential

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24
Q

free will

A

the ability to choose their own destinies

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25
determinism
people have no influence over what happens to them and that their choices are predetermined by forces outside of their control
26
Carl Rogers
humanist
27
client-centered therapy/person-centered therapy
developed by Carl Rogers, this humanistic therapy includes unconditional positive regard and active listening
28
unconditional positive regard
blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does
29
non-directive
humanistic therapists do not tell the clients what to do but seek to help the clients choose a course of action for themselves.
30
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
31
Gestalt therapy
developed by Fritz Perls
32
existential therapy
humanistic therapy that focuses on helping clients achieve a subjectively meaningful perception of their lives
33
counterconditioning
behavioral therapy
34
systematic desensitization
behavioral therapy
35
anxiety hierarchy
a rank-ordered list of what the client fears, from least frightening to most frightening
36
in vivo desensitization
behavioral therapy
37
implosive therapy
behavioral therapy
38
aversive conditioning
behavioral therapy
39
instrumental conditioning
behavioral therapy
40
token economy
behavioral therapy
41
modeling
behavioral therapy
42
attributional style
a person's characteristic way of explaining outcomes of events in his or her life
43
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT or RET)
Cognitive behavioral therapy developed by Albert Ellis. Therapists look to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their clients.
44
cognitive therapy
developed by Aaron Beck, usually used in treatment of depression, involves trying to get clients to engage in pursuits that will bring them success
45
cognitive triad
theorized by Aaron Beck
46
family therapy
a type of group therapy used to treat families
47
self-help groups
a type of group therapy that does not involve a therapist
48
psychopharmacology/chemotherapy
the use of drugs to treat psychological problems
49
antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)
block the receptor sites for dopamine, used to treat schizophrenia, may result in tardive dyskinesia
50
tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsonian-like, chronic muscle tremors
51
drugs used to treat unipolar depression
tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor drugs (Prozac) which all tend to increase the activity of serotonin
52
lithium
a metal used to trea the manic phase of bipolar disorder
53
drugs used to treat anxiety disorders
barbiturates (Miltown) and benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium)
54
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
when an electric current is passed through one (unilateral ECT) or both (bilateral ECT) hemispheres of the brain
55
psychosurgery
the purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person's behavior
56
prefrontal lobotomy
a type of psychosurgery
57
psychiatrists
medical doctors and are the only therapists permitted to prescribe medication
58
clinical psychologists
psychologists with a Ph. D. and specialize in research, assessment, and therapy
59
counseling psychologists
psychologists with a graduate degree in psychology and treat less severe problems than clinical psychologists do
60
psychoanalysts
people trained specifically in Freudian methods who may or may not hold medical degrees
61
paraphilia
the sexual attraction to an object, person, or activity not usually seen as sexual
62
fetishism
paraphilia
63
pedophilia
paraphilia
64
zoophilia
paraphilia
65
voyeur
paraphilia
66
masochist
paraphilia
67
sadist
paraphilia
68
antisocial personality disorder
little regard for other people's feelings
69
dependent personality disorder
rely too much on the attention and help of others
70
paranoid personality disorder
feel persecuted
71
narcissistic personality disorder
seeing oneself as the center of the universe
72
histronic personality disorder
overly dramatic behavior
73
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors, but not to the point of obsessive compulsive disorder
74
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder
75
bulimia
eating disorder
76
substance use disorder
regular and negative use of alcohol or other drugs that alter behavior
77
substance dependence
addiction
78
autism
developmental disorder
79
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
developmental disorder
80
Rosenhan Study
study in which healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals after saying they were hearing voices. Once in, they acted normally and still were not labeled as impostors.
81
preconventional
reasoning limited to how things affect themselves
82
conventional
choice based on how others will view them
83
postconventional
examines rights and values involved in choice
84
Criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg
Carol Gilligan noted that his research was based on boys, her research showed that boys and girls had different moral attitudes, but was later disproved
85
biopsychological (neuropsychological) theory of gender development
studies demonstrate that biological differences do exist between the sexes
86
psychodynamic theory of gender development
gender development is a competition for your opposite sex parent, when you realize you can't win, you imitate your same-sex parent
87
social-cognitive theory of gender development
effects of society and thoughs about gender on role development

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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