Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
trephination
a operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull
Hippocrates
a Greek philosopher who maintained that psychological illnesses were influenced by biological factors and could therefore be treated
Galen
a Roman philosopher who maintained that psychological illnesses were influenced by biological factors and could therefore be treated
deinstitutionalization
1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals in order to save money and benefit the former inpatients
Did deinstitutionalization work?
No, because the former patients were unable to care for themselves, ending up homeless and delusional.
preventative efforts
psychological problems can be treated proactively, or before they become severe, suffering and cost to client will go down.
primary prevention
methods to avoid occurrence of disease
secondary prevention
methods to avoid occurrence of disease in people at risk
tertiary prevention
methods to diagnose and treat existent disease in early stages before it causes significant morbidity
psychotherapy
therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client, patient, family, couple, or group
somatic treatments
the use of drugs to treat mental illness
What kind of psychologists use “patient”?
psychologists with a biomedical orientation and psychoanalysts
What kind of psychologists use “client”?
therapists other than psychologists with a biomedical orientation and psychoanalysts
psychoanalysis
a set of techniques developed by Freud for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders
symptom substitution
when, after a person is successfully treated for one psychological disorder, that person begins to experience a new psychological problem
hypnosis
an altered state of consciousness in which psychoanalysts believe that people are less likely to repress troubling thoughts
free associate
to say whatever comes to mind without thinking, supposed to bypass the ego’s censoring and defenses and go straight into the unconscious where the problems are
dream analysis
the patient reports the literal content (manifest content) to the psychoanalyst who interprets it to become what it really means (latent/hidden content)
resistance
patient objections to the psychoanalyst’s interpretation
transference
when patients begin to have strong feelings (negative or positive) toward their therapists
psychodynamic theorists
psychologists who are influenced by Freud’s work but have significantly modified his original theory
insight therapies
psychoanalytic/psychodynamic treatments and humanistic therapies
self-actualization
to reach one’s highest potential
free will
the ability to choose their own destinies
determinism
people have no influence over what happens to them and that their choices are predetermined by forces outside of their control
Carl Rogers
humanist
client-centered therapy/person-centered therapy
developed by Carl Rogers, this humanistic therapy includes unconditional positive regard and active listening
unconditional positive regard
blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does
non-directive
humanistic therapists do not tell the clients what to do but seek to help the clients choose a course of action for themselves.
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
Gestalt therapy
developed by Fritz Perls
existential therapy
humanistic therapy that focuses on helping clients achieve a subjectively meaningful perception of their lives
counterconditioning
behavioral therapy
systematic desensitization
behavioral therapy
