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AP Psychology > States of Consciousness > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

dualism

A

the universe, including humans, is made up of thought and matter (matter- everything that has substance)

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2
Q

monism

A

everything is part of the same substance

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3
Q

consciousness

A

level of awareness

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4
Q

mere-exposure effect

A

old stimuli are preferred over new stimuli, because on some level the old stimuli are remembered and known

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5
Q

priming

A

exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus

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6
Q

blind sight

A

some blind people can respond to visual stimuli because on some level of consciousness is able to “see”

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7
Q

conscious

A

the information about yourself and your environment you are currently aware of

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8
Q

nonconscious

A

body processes controlled by your mind that we are not usually aware of

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9
Q

preconscious

A

information abut yourself or your environment that you are not currently thinking about, but could be

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10
Q

subconscious

A

information that we are not consciously aware of but we know must exist due to behavior like priming and mere-exposure

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11
Q

unconscious

A

psychoanalyst idea– some unacceptable events and feelings are repressed from conscious mind to unconscious

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12
Q

circadian rhythm

A

a daily cycle of activity observed in many living organisms

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13
Q

sleep onset

A

the stage between wakefulness and sleep

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14
Q

alpha waves

A

relatively high-frequency, low amplitude waves produced while awake and in stages 1 and 2

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15
Q

sleep spindles

A

short bursts of rapid brain waves that start to appear in stage 2 sleep

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16
Q

delta sleep/slow-wave sleep

A

stages 3 and 4’s other names due to the delta waves that exist during these stages

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17
Q

rapid eye movement (REM) (paradoxical sleep)

A

period of intense brain activity, eyes dart back and forth, many muscles twitch repeatedly, dreams

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18
Q

REM rebound

A

individuals deprived of REM sleep will experience more and longer periods of REM sleep the next time they are allowed to sleep normally

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19
Q

insomnia

A

problems getting to sleep/staying asleep at night

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20
Q

treatment of insomnia

A

treated with changes of behavior:

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

periods of intense sleepiness and falling asleep at unpredictable and inappropriate times

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22
Q

treatment of narcolepsy

A

treated with medication and changing sleep patterns (naps at certain times of the day)

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23
Q

sleep apnea

A

when a person stops breathing for short periods of time during the night

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24
Q

night terrors

A

feelings of terror or dread usually affecting children

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25
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking usually occurring in children

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26
Q

manifest content

A

literal content of dreams

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27
Q

latent content

A

the unconscious meaning of the manifest content

28
Q

protected sleep

A

ego protects us from unconscious by representing everything in symbols

29
Q

activation-synthesis theory

A

dreams are interpretations of physiological things and have no meaning

30
Q

information-processing theory

A

more stress causes more dreams about your stress

31
Q

posthypnotic amnesia

A

people forget events that occurred during hypnosis

32
Q

posthypnotic suggestion

A

a suggestion that a hypnotized person have a certain way after hypnosis

33
Q

role theory

A

hypnosis is not an alternate state of consciousness; hypnotized people are just filling out the “role” of a hypnotized person

34
Q

hypnotic suggestibility

A

some people are more easily hypnotized than others

35
Q

state theory

A

theory that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness

36
Q

dissociation theory

A

created by Ernest Hilgard

37
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

dissociation theory

38
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that change the chemistry of the brain and induce an altered state of consciousness

39
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

thick walls surrounding the brain’s blood vessels that protect the brain from harmful chemicals

40
Q

agonist

A

drugs that mimic neurotransmitters

41
Q

antagonists

A

drugs that block neurotransmitters

42
Q

tolerance

A

a physiological change that produces a need for more of the same drug in order to achieve the same effect

43
Q

reverse tolerance

A

the first dose lingers in the body and enhances the effect of the second dose although it may be smaller

44
Q

depressants

A

drugs that slow down body processes

45
Q

effects of alcohol

A

slowed down reactions and judgment, impaired motor coordination

46
Q

stimulants

A

drugs that speed up body processes

47
Q

examples of stimulants

A

caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines and nicotine

48
Q

side effects of stimulants

A

disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, increased anxiety, heart problems

49
Q

hallucinogens/psychedelics

A

drugs that cause changes in perceptions of reality, including sensory hallucinations, loss of identity, and vivid fantasies

50
Q

examples of hallucinogens/psychedelics

A

LSD, peyote, psilocybin mushrooms, marajuana

51
Q

opiates

A

drugs that act as agonists for endorphins and reduce pain and elevate mood

52
Q

examples of opiates

A

morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine

53
Q

side effects of opiates

A

drowsiness, euphoria, physically addictive because they change brain chemistry quickly

54
Q

frontal lobes

A

part of the cerebral cortex

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

in the frontal lobe

56
Q

motor cortex

A

in the frontal lobe

57
Q

parietal lobes

A

contains sensory cortex (somato-sensory cortex)

58
Q

sensory cortex (somato-sensory cortex)

A

receives incoming touch sensations from the rest of the body

59
Q

occipital lobes

A

at the very back of the brain

60
Q

temporal lobes

A

unlike occipital lobes, sound from either ear is processed in both temporal lobes

61
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

located in temporal lobe

62
Q

brain plasticity

A

the ability of other parts of the brain to take over functions of damaged regions. Declines as hemispheres of the cerebral cortex lateralize.

63
Q

adrenal glands

A

produce adrenaline, which causes rest of body to go into fight or flight mode

64
Q

Thomas Bouchard

A

conducted study on identical twins that found a correlation of 0.69 on IQ, criticized because their similar appearances may have led to their being treated similarly

65
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

only one X chromosome in the 23rd pair

66
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

extra X chromosome

67
Q

Down’s syndrome

A

extra chromosome on the 21st pair

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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