Developmental Psychology

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

the study of how behaviors and thoughts change over our entire lives

Question 2

cross-sectional research

Answer 2

participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over life span

Question 3

longitudinal research

Answer 3

study of one group of participants over time

Question 4

teratogens

Answer 4

certain chemicals or agents that can cause harm if ingested/contracted by the mother

Question 5

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 5

displayed by children of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy, small, malformed skulls and mental retardation are symptoms

Question 6

fetal alcohol effect

Answer 6

less severe version of FAS, learning disabilities or behavioral problems

Question 7

reflex

Answer 7

specific, inborn, automatic responses to certain specific stimuli

Question 8

rooting reflex

Answer 8

when touched on cheek, will turn head to put object in mouth

Question 9

sucking reflex

Answer 9

object in mouth will suck

Question 10

grasping reflex

Answer 10

object in hand or foot will grasp

Question 11

Moro reflex

Answer 11

startled, fling limbs out, quickly retract them, make himself as small as possible

Question 12

Babinski reflex

Answer 12

foot stroked, spread toes

Question 13

attachment

Answer 13

the reciprocal relationship between parent and child

Question 14

Henry Harlow

Answer 14

study on monkeys with two wire frame monkey mothers, one with milk, one that was soft

Question 15

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 15

conducted study on what infants would do if their parents left them alone, then came back

Question 16

secure attachments (66%)

Answer 16

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

Question 17

avoidant attachments (21%)

Answer 17

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

Question 18

nxious/ambivalent attachments (12%)

Answer 18

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

Question 19

authoritarian parenting style

Answer 19

strict standards for their children’s behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules

Question 20

effects of authoritarian parenting style

Answer 20

NAME?

Question 21

permissive parenting style

Answer 21

unclear guidelines for their children; rules are constantly changed or aren’t enforced consistently

Question 22

effects of permissive parenting style

Answer 22

emotional control problems are are more dependent

Question 23

authoritative parenting style

Answer 23

set, consistent standards that are reasonable and explained

Question 24

effects of authoritative parenting style

Answer 24

children are more socially capable and perform better academically

Question 25

continuity

Answer 25

developing steadily from birth to death

Question 26

discontinuity

Answer 26

developing with some stages of rapid growth and some of relatively little change

Question 27

psychosexual stages

Answer 27

theorized by Sigmund Freud

Question 28

oral (psychosexual stages)

Answer 28

first stage, pleasure through mouth

Question 29

anal (psychosexual stages)

Answer 29

second stage, toilet training

Question 30

phallic (psychosexual stages)

Answer 30

third stage, babies realize gender

Question 31

latency (psychosexual stages)

Answer 31

forth stage, calm and low psychosexual anxiety

Question 32

genital (psychosexual stages)

Answer 32

fifth and final stage, fixation here is normal

Question 33

Erik Erikson

Answer 33

neo-Freudian theoriest who believed in basics of Freud's theory but adapted it to fit his own observations

Question 34

psychosocial stage theory (eight stages)

Answer 34

created by Erik Erikson

Question 35

trust vs. mistrust

Answer 35

first stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 36

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 36

second stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 37

initiative vs. guilt

Answer 37

third stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 38

industry vs. inferiority

Answer 38

fourth stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 39

identity vs. role confusion

Answer 39

fifth stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 40

intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 40

sixth stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 41

generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 41

seventh stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 42

integrity vs. despair

Answer 42

eighth stage of psychosocial stage theory

Question 43

Jean Piaget

Answer 43

created cognitive-development theory

Question 44

assimilation

Answer 44

the incorporation of experiences into existing schemata

Question 45

Jean Piaget's cognitive development stage theory

Answer 45

created by Jean Piaget

Question 46

sensorimotor stage (birth to about 2 years)

Answer 46

first stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive-development theory

Question 47

object permanence

Answer 47

objects continue to exist outside of visual range

Question 48

preoperational stage (2 to about 7 years)

Answer 48

second stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive-development theory

Question 49

concrete operations (8 to about 12 years)

Answer 49

third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive-development theory

Question 50

concepts of conservation

Answer 50

the properties of objects remain the same even when their shapes change

Question 51

formal operations (12 years through adulthood)

Answer 51

fourth stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive-development theory

Question 52

abstract reasoning

Answer 52

manipulation of objects and contrasting ideas without seeing them

Question 53

hypothesis testing

Answer 53

reason from a hypothesis

Question 54

metacognition

Answer 54

thinking about thinking

Question 55

criticisms of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory

Answer 55

#NAME?

Question 56

information processing model

Answer 56

a continuous alternative of Piaget's stage theory

Question 57

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 57

#NAME?

Question 58

Heinz dilemma

Answer 58

stealing a drug he cannot afford in order to save his wife's life

Question 59

preconventional

Answer 59

reasoning limited to how things affect themselves

Question 60

conventional

Answer 60

choice based on how others will view them

Question 61

postconventional

Answer 61

examines rights and values involved in choice

Question 62

Criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 62

Carol Gilligan noted that his research was based on boys, her research showed that boys and girls had different moral attitudes, but was later disproved

Question 63

biopsychological (neuropsychological) theory of gender development

Answer 63

studies demonstrate that biological differences do exist between the sexes

Question 64

psychodynamic theory of gender development

Answer 64

gender development is a competition for your opposite sex parent, when you realize you can't win, you imitate your same-sex parent

Question 65

social-cognitive theory of gender development

Answer 65

effects of society and thoughs about gender on role development