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AP Psychology > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psychology

A

the study of how behaviors and thoughts change over our entire lives

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2
Q

cross-sectional research

A

participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over life span

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3
Q

longitudinal research

A

study of one group of participants over time

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4
Q

teratogens

A

certain chemicals or agents that can cause harm if ingested/contracted by the mother

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5
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

displayed by children of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy, small, malformed skulls and mental retardation are symptoms

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6
Q

fetal alcohol effect

A

less severe version of FAS, learning disabilities or behavioral problems

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7
Q

reflex

A

specific, inborn, automatic responses to certain specific stimuli

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8
Q

rooting reflex

A

when touched on cheek, will turn head to put object in mouth

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9
Q

sucking reflex

A

object in mouth will suck

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10
Q

grasping reflex

A

object in hand or foot will grasp

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11
Q

Moro reflex

A

startled, fling limbs out, quickly retract them, make himself as small as possible

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12
Q

Babinski reflex

A

foot stroked, spread toes

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13
Q

attachment

A

the reciprocal relationship between parent and child

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14
Q

Henry Harlow

A

study on monkeys with two wire frame monkey mothers, one with milk, one that was soft

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15
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

conducted study on what infants would do if their parents left them alone, then came back

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16
Q

secure attachments (66%)

A

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

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17
Q

avoidant attachments (21%)

A

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

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18
Q

nxious/ambivalent attachments (12%)

A

Mary Ainsworth’s baby experiment

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19
Q

authoritarian parenting style

A

strict standards for their children’s behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules

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20
Q

effects of authoritarian parenting style

A

NAME?

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21
Q

permissive parenting style

A

unclear guidelines for their children; rules are constantly changed or aren’t enforced consistently

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22
Q

effects of permissive parenting style

A

emotional control problems are are more dependent

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23
Q

authoritative parenting style

A

set, consistent standards that are reasonable and explained

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24
Q

effects of authoritative parenting style

A

children are more socially capable and perform better academically

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25
Q

continuity

A

developing steadily from birth to death

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26
Q

discontinuity

A

developing with some stages of rapid growth and some of relatively little change

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27
Q

psychosexual stages

A

theorized by Sigmund Freud

28
Q

oral (psychosexual stages)

A

first stage, pleasure through mouth

29
Q

anal (psychosexual stages)

A

second stage, toilet training

30
Q

phallic (psychosexual stages)

A

third stage, babies realize gender

31
Q

latency (psychosexual stages)

A

forth stage, calm and low psychosexual anxiety

32
Q

genital (psychosexual stages)

A

fifth and final stage, fixation here is normal

33
Q

Erik Erikson

A

neo-Freudian theoriest who believed in basics of Freud’s theory but adapted it to fit his own observations

34
Q

psychosocial stage theory (eight stages)

A

created by Erik Erikson

35
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A

first stage of psychosocial stage theory

36
Q

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A

second stage of psychosocial stage theory

37
Q

initiative vs. guilt

A

third stage of psychosocial stage theory

38
Q

industry vs. inferiority

A

fourth stage of psychosocial stage theory

39
Q

identity vs. role confusion

A

fifth stage of psychosocial stage theory

40
Q

intimacy vs. isolation

A

sixth stage of psychosocial stage theory

41
Q

generativity vs. stagnation

A

seventh stage of psychosocial stage theory

42
Q

integrity vs. despair

A

eighth stage of psychosocial stage theory

43
Q

Jean Piaget

A

created cognitive-development theory

44
Q

assimilation

A

the incorporation of experiences into existing schemata

45
Q

Jean Piaget’s cognitive development stage theory

A

created by Jean Piaget

46
Q

sensorimotor stage (birth to about 2 years)

A

first stage of Jean Piaget’s cognitive-development theory

47
Q

object permanence

A

objects continue to exist outside of visual range

48
Q

preoperational stage (2 to about 7 years)

A

second stage of Jean Piaget’s cognitive-development theory

49
Q

concrete operations (8 to about 12 years)

A

third stage of Jean Piaget’s cognitive-development theory

50
Q

concepts of conservation

A

the properties of objects remain the same even when their shapes change

51
Q

formal operations (12 years through adulthood)

A

fourth stage of Jean Piaget’s cognitive-development theory

52
Q

abstract reasoning

A

manipulation of objects and contrasting ideas without seeing them

53
Q

hypothesis testing

A

reason from a hypothesis

54
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

55
Q

criticisms of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory

56
Q

information processing model

A

a continuous alternative of Piaget’s stage theory

57
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

58
Q

Heinz dilemma

A

stealing a drug he cannot afford in order to save his wife’s life

59
Q

preconventional

A

reasoning limited to how things affect themselves

60
Q

conventional

A

choice based on how others will view them

61
Q

postconventional

A

examines rights and values involved in choice

62
Q

Criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Carol Gilligan noted that his research was based on boys, her research showed that boys and girls had different moral attitudes, but was later disproved

63
Q

biopsychological (neuropsychological) theory of gender development

A

studies demonstrate that biological differences do exist between the sexes

64
Q

psychodynamic theory of gender development

A

gender development is a competition for your opposite sex parent, when you realize you can’t win, you imitate your same-sex parent

65
Q

social-cognitive theory of gender development

A

effects of society and thoughs about gender on role development

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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