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AP Psychology > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

motivations

A

feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal

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2
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

behavior is motivated by biological needs

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3
Q

need

A

one of our requirements for survival

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4
Q

drive

A

an impulse to act in a way that satisfies this need

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

a balanced internal state

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6
Q

primary drives

A

biological needs

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7
Q

secondary drives

A

learned drives

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8
Q

arousal theory

A

motivated by the need for an optimum level of excitement or arousal

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9
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

relationship between performance and arousal that states that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point

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10
Q

Incentive Theory

A

behavior is not pushed by a need, but by a desire (incentive)

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11
Q

incentive

A

stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning

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12
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

basic needs are fulfilled before other needs

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13
Q

hunger motivation

A

stomach feels full –> we feel full (balloon experiment)

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14
Q

lateral hypothalamus

A

causes animal to eat when stimulated

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15
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus

A

causes animal to feel full when stimulated

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16
Q

set-point theory

A

the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight

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17
Q

metabolic rate

A

how quickly body uses energy

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18
Q

externals

A

people whoa re motivated to eat by external food cues, such as attractiveness or availability

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19
Q

internals

A

people who are ore motivated to eat by internal hunger cues (empty stomach)

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20
Q

Garcia effect

A

taste aversion, when nausea and a food are paired, the food will be averted in the future

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21
Q

bulimia

A

has two phases: binging and purging

22
Q

binging

A

eating large amounts of food in a short amount of time

23
Q

purging

A

getting rid of food through vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use.

24
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

starving yourself to below 85% of normal body weight: vast majority are women

25
Q

obesity

A

severely overweight, unhealthy eating habits, some are genetically predisposed

26
Q

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

A

Sexual Response Cycle

27
Q

Sexual Response Cycle

A

created by William Masters and Virginia Johnson

28
Q

initial excitement (Sexual Response Cycle)

A

genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase

29
Q

plateau phase (Sexual Response Cycle)

A

respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus

30
Q

orgasm (Sexual Response Cycle)

A

rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria

31
Q

resolution (Sexual Response Cycle)

A

respiration and heart rate return to normal resting states, men experience a refractory period- a time period that must elapse before another orgasm, women do not have a similar refractory period and can repeat the cycle immediately

32
Q

achievement motivation

A

desire to master complex tasks and knowledge, desire to reach personal goals, desire to figure out world

33
Q

extrinsic motivators

A

rewards received for accomplishments that are outside ourselves

34
Q

intrinsic motivators

A

rewards we get internally

35
Q

Management Theory

A

consists of theory x and theory y

36
Q

theory x (Management Theory)

A

(legalism) people will only work for benefits or threatened with punishments

37
Q

theory y (Management Theory)

A

employees are internally motivated to do good work

38
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

decision between two favorable outcomes

39
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

decision between two unfavorable outcomes

40
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

one event/goal has both good and bad outcomes

41
Q

James-Lange theory

A

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

42
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

theory of emotion that the body changes and understanding of the emotion occurs simultaneously from cues in the thalamus

43
Q

Two Factor Theory

A

Stanley Schacter

44
Q

Stanley Schacter

A

created Two Factor Theory

45
Q

stressors

A

stressful life events

46
Q

stress reactions

A

reactions to stressors

47
Q

social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

A

designed by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe

48
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

created by Hans Seyle

49
Q

alarm reaction (GAS)

A

heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other body functions to muscles needed to react, activates the sympathetic nervous system

50
Q

resistance (GAS)

A

hormones are released t maintain physiological readiness described in alarm reaction, if it lasts too long, can deplete resources

51
Q

exhaustion (GAS)

A

parasympathetic nervous system returns body back to normal, more vulnerable to disease especially if resources were depleted

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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