Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
motivations
feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal
Drive Reduction Theory
behavior is motivated by biological needs
need
one of our requirements for survival
drive
an impulse to act in a way that satisfies this need
homeostasis
a balanced internal state
primary drives
biological needs
secondary drives
learned drives
arousal theory
motivated by the need for an optimum level of excitement or arousal
Yerkes-Dodson law
relationship between performance and arousal that states that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point
Incentive Theory
behavior is not pushed by a need, but by a desire (incentive)
incentive
stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
basic needs are fulfilled before other needs
hunger motivation
stomach feels full –> we feel full (balloon experiment)
lateral hypothalamus
causes animal to eat when stimulated
ventromedial hypothalamus
causes animal to feel full when stimulated
set-point theory
the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight
metabolic rate
how quickly body uses energy
externals
people whoa re motivated to eat by external food cues, such as attractiveness or availability
internals
people who are ore motivated to eat by internal hunger cues (empty stomach)
Garcia effect
taste aversion, when nausea and a food are paired, the food will be averted in the future
bulimia
has two phases: binging and purging
binging
eating large amounts of food in a short amount of time
purging
getting rid of food through vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use.
anorexia nervosa
starving yourself to below 85% of normal body weight: vast majority are women
obesity
severely overweight, unhealthy eating habits, some are genetically predisposed
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
Sexual Response Cycle
Sexual Response Cycle
created by William Masters and Virginia Johnson
initial excitement (Sexual Response Cycle)
genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase
plateau phase (Sexual Response Cycle)
respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus
orgasm (Sexual Response Cycle)
rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria
resolution (Sexual Response Cycle)
respiration and heart rate return to normal resting states, men experience a refractory period- a time period that must elapse before another orgasm, women do not have a similar refractory period and can repeat the cycle immediately
achievement motivation
desire to master complex tasks and knowledge, desire to reach personal goals, desire to figure out world
extrinsic motivators
rewards received for accomplishments that are outside ourselves
intrinsic motivators
rewards we get internally
Management Theory
consists of theory x and theory y
theory x (Management Theory)
(legalism) people will only work for benefits or threatened with punishments
theory y (Management Theory)
employees are internally motivated to do good work
approach-approach conflict
decision between two favorable outcomes
avoidance-avoidance conflict
decision between two unfavorable outcomes
approach-avoidance conflict
one event/goal has both good and bad outcomes
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
Cannon-Bard theory
theory of emotion that the body changes and understanding of the emotion occurs simultaneously from cues in the thalamus
Two Factor Theory
Stanley Schacter
Stanley Schacter
created Two Factor Theory
stressors
stressful life events
stress reactions
reactions to stressors
social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)
designed by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
created by Hans Seyle
alarm reaction (GAS)
heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other body functions to muscles needed to react, activates the sympathetic nervous system
resistance (GAS)
hormones are released t maintain physiological readiness described in alarm reaction, if it lasts too long, can deplete resources
exhaustion (GAS)
parasympathetic nervous system returns body back to normal, more vulnerable to disease especially if resources were depleted
