Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

motivations

Answer 1

feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal

Question 2

Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 2

behavior is motivated by biological needs

Question 3

need

Answer 3

one of our requirements for survival

Question 4

drive

Answer 4

an impulse to act in a way that satisfies this need

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

a balanced internal state

Question 6

primary drives

Answer 6

biological needs

Question 7

secondary drives

Answer 7

learned drives

Question 8

arousal theory

Answer 8

motivated by the need for an optimum level of excitement or arousal

Question 9

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 9

relationship between performance and arousal that states that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point

Question 10

Incentive Theory

Answer 10

behavior is not pushed by a need, but by a desire (incentive)

Question 11

incentive

Answer 11

stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning

Question 12

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 12

basic needs are fulfilled before other needs

Question 13

hunger motivation

Answer 13

stomach feels full –> we feel full (balloon experiment)

Question 14

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 14

causes animal to eat when stimulated

Question 15

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 15

causes animal to feel full when stimulated

Question 16

set-point theory

Answer 16

the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight

Question 17

metabolic rate

Answer 17

how quickly body uses energy

Question 18

externals

Answer 18

people whoa re motivated to eat by external food cues, such as attractiveness or availability

Question 19

internals

Answer 19

people who are ore motivated to eat by internal hunger cues (empty stomach)

Question 20

Garcia effect

Answer 20

taste aversion, when nausea and a food are paired, the food will be averted in the future

Question 21

bulimia

Answer 21

has two phases: binging and purging

Question 22

binging

Answer 22

eating large amounts of food in a short amount of time

Question 23

purging

Answer 23

getting rid of food through vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use.

Question 24

anorexia nervosa

Answer 24

starving yourself to below 85% of normal body weight: vast majority are women

Question 25

obesity

Answer 25

severely overweight, unhealthy eating habits, some are genetically predisposed

Question 26

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Answer 26

Sexual Response Cycle

Question 27

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 27

created by William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 28

initial excitement (Sexual Response Cycle)

Answer 28

genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase

Question 29

plateau phase (Sexual Response Cycle)

Answer 29

respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus

Question 30

orgasm (Sexual Response Cycle)

Answer 30

rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria

Question 31

resolution (Sexual Response Cycle)

Answer 31

respiration and heart rate return to normal resting states, men experience a refractory period- a time period that must elapse before another orgasm, women do not have a similar refractory period and can repeat the cycle immediately

Question 32

achievement motivation

Answer 32

desire to master complex tasks and knowledge, desire to reach personal goals, desire to figure out world

Question 33

extrinsic motivators

Answer 33

rewards received for accomplishments that are outside ourselves

Question 34

intrinsic motivators

Answer 34

rewards we get internally

Question 35

Management Theory

Answer 35

consists of theory x and theory y

Question 36

theory x (Management Theory)

Answer 36

(legalism) people will only work for benefits or threatened with punishments

Question 37

theory y (Management Theory)

Answer 37

employees are internally motivated to do good work

Question 38

approach-approach conflict

Answer 38

decision between two favorable outcomes

Question 39

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 39

decision between two unfavorable outcomes

Question 40

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 40

one event/goal has both good and bad outcomes

Question 41

James-Lange theory

Answer 41

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 42

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 42

theory of emotion that the body changes and understanding of the emotion occurs simultaneously from cues in the thalamus

Question 43

Two Factor Theory

Answer 43

Stanley Schacter

Question 44

Stanley Schacter

Answer 44

created Two Factor Theory

Question 45

stressors

Answer 45

stressful life events

Question 46

stress reactions

Answer 46

reactions to stressors

Question 47

social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

Answer 47

designed by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe

Question 48

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 48

created by Hans Seyle

Question 49

alarm reaction (GAS)

Answer 49

heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other body functions to muscles needed to react, activates the sympathetic nervous system

Question 50

resistance (GAS)

Answer 50

hormones are released t maintain physiological readiness described in alarm reaction, if it lasts too long, can deplete resources

Question 51

exhaustion (GAS)

Answer 51

parasympathetic nervous system returns body back to normal, more vulnerable to disease especially if resources were depleted