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AP Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

the unique attitudes, behaviors, and emotions that characterize a person

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2
Q

stage theories

A

theories in which development is thought to be discontinuous

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3
Q

penis envy

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual stage theory

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4
Q

castration anxiety

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual stage theory

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5
Q

idenitification

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual stage theory

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6
Q

id

A

contains instincts and psychic energy, called Eros and Thanatos

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7
Q

pleasure principle

A

followed by id

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8
Q

ego

A

follows the reality principle

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9
Q

reality principle

A

followed by ego

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10
Q

superego

A

exists in both the unconscious mind and the conscious mind

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11
Q

repression

A

pushing thoughts out of conscious awareness

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12
Q

denial

A

not accepting the ego-threatening truth

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13
Q

displacement

A

redirecting one’s feelings towards another person or object. When people displace negative emotions like anger, they often displace them onto people whoa re less threatening than the source of the emotion

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14
Q

projection

A

believing that the feelings one has toward someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself

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15
Q

reaction formation

A

expressing the opposite of how one truly feels

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16
Q

regression

A

returning to an earlier, comforting form of behavior

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17
Q

rationalization

A

coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable occurrence

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18
Q

intellectualization

A

undertaking an academic, unemotional study of a topic

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19
Q

sublimation

A

channeling one’s frustration toward a different goal

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20
Q

criticisms of Freud

A

NAME?

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21
Q

psychodynamic theorists

A

Carl Jung and Alfred Adler

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22
Q

Jung’s unconscious

A

consists of collective unconscious and personal unconscious

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23
Q

collective unconscious

A

unconscious passed down through the species; explains the similarities across cultures

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24
Q

archetypes

A

universal concepts we all share as part of the human species

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25
Q

personal unconscious

A

resembles Freud’s view of the unconscious; contains the painful or threatening memories and thoughts the person does not wish to confront; called complexes

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26
Q

Freudian ego psychologist

A

a Freudian psychologist who downplays the importance of the unconscious and focuses on the conscious role of the ego

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27
Q

Alfred Adler

A

a Freudian psychologist who downplays the importance of the unconscious and focuses on the conscious role of the ego who also believed people were motivated by inferiority and superiority

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28
Q

inferiority

A

the fear of failure

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29
Q

superiority

A

the desire to achieve

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30
Q

nomothetic

A

the belief taht the same basic set of traits can be used to describe all people’s personalities

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31
Q

Hans Eyesenck

A

introversion-extroversion scale and stable-unstable scale

32
Q

Raymond Cattel

A

16 PF (personalty factor)

33
Q

big five personality traits

A

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability (or neuroticism)

34
Q

factor analysis

A

a statistical technique used to reduce the vast number of different terms we use to describe people to 16 or five basic traits

35
Q

idiographic theorists

A

oppose nomothetic theorists

36
Q

Gordon Allport

A

theorized that in order to have a full understanding of someone’s personality, you needed to look at their personal traits

37
Q

cardinal dispositions

A

one trait that plays a pivotal role in virtually everything a small number of people do

38
Q

central dispositions

A

more apparent than secondary dispositions, but less so than cardinal dispositions

39
Q

secondary dispositions

A

less apparent than central dispositions

40
Q

criticism of trait theories

A

underestimate importance of the situation

41
Q

heritability

A

the measure of the percentage of a trait that is inherited

42
Q

temperaments

A

heritable

43
Q

somatotype theory

A

William Sheldon

44
Q

endomorphs (fat)

A

according to William Sheldon

45
Q

mesomorphs (muscular)

A

according to William Sheldon

46
Q

ectomorphs (thin)

A

according to William Sheldon

47
Q

Albert Bandura

A

believed that personality is created by an interaction between the person (traits), the environment, and the person’s behavior

48
Q

triadic reciprocality/reciprocal determinism

A

the person (traits), the environment, and the person’s behavior each influence both of the other two in a constant looplike fashion

49
Q

self-efficacy

A

Refers to one’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels

50
Q

George Kelley

A

proposed personal-construct theory of personality

51
Q

personal-construct theory of personality

A

George Kelley

52
Q

locus of control

A

Julian Rotter

53
Q

determinism

A

the belief that what happens is dictated by what has happened in the past

54
Q

free will

A

an individual’s ability to choose his or her own destiny

55
Q

humanistic psychology

A

also called the third force

56
Q

self-concept

A

a person’s global feeling about himself and herself

57
Q

self-esteem

A

A measure of how much you value and respect yourself

58
Q

self-actualize

A

to reach one’s full potential

59
Q

self-theory

A

created by Carl Rogers

60
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a kind of blanket acceptance important in Carl Rogers’ self-theory

61
Q

projective tests

A

used by psychoanalysts

62
Q

self-report inventories

A

questionnaires that ask people to provide information about themselves

63
Q

Barnum effect

A

the tendency for people to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality

64
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

65
Q

criticisms of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory

A

NAME?

66
Q

information processing model

A

a continuous alternative of Piaget’s stage theory

67
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

NAME?

68
Q

Heinz dilemma

A

stealing a drug he cannot afford in order to save his wife’s life

69
Q

preconventional

A

reasoning limited to how things affect themselves

70
Q

conventional

A

choice based on how others will view them

71
Q

postconventional

A

examines rights and values involved in choice

72
Q

Criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Carol Gilligan noted that his research was based on boys, her research showed that boys and girls had different moral attitudes, but was later disproved

73
Q

biopsychological (neuropsychological) theory of gender development

A

studies demonstrate that biological differences do exist between the sexes

74
Q

psychodynamic theory of gender development

A

gender development is a competition for your opposite sex parent, when you realize you can’t win, you imitate your same-sex parent

75
Q

social-cognitive theory of gender development

A

effects of society and thoughs about gender on role development

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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