Transfusion reactions Flashcards
Acute transfusion reaction occurs within
24 hours of transfusion.
Delayed transfusion reaction occurs
after 24 hours of transfusion.
Acute immunologic transfusion reaction involves interaction between
antigen-antibody.
Acute immunologic transfusion reactions causes
Hemolytic, febrile nonhemolytic, allergic, TRALI.
Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes
Bacterial contamination, circulatory overload, physician/chemical hemolysis.
Delayed immunologic transfusion reactions causes
Hemolytic, transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, post transfusion purpura.
Delayed nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes
Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis, disease transmission.
Hemolytic transfusion reaction cause
Immune system attacks transfused RBCs due to incompatible blood (ABO mismatch or clerical error).
Hemolytic transfusion reaction reaction period
Occurs within 1-2 hours.
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) cause
Antileukocyte antibodies or platelet storage changes.
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) symptoms
1°C increase in body temperature, immune-mediated or platelet storage related.
Allergic transfusion reaction cause
Recipient antibodies react to an allergen in the blood component.
Allergic transfusion reaction symptoms
Weals, hives, erythema, pruritus; severe cases may include anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) cause
Anti-WBC antibodies from donor interact with recipient leukocytes.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) symptoms
Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Bacterial contamination in transfusion cause
Blood products contaminated by bacteria during collection or storage.
Circulatory overload in transfusion cause
Rapid infusion of large volumes of blood causing heart failure.
Physician/chemical hemolysis cause
Mishandling or exposure to chemicals during transfusion.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) cause
New red cell antibodies detected after 24 hours of transfusion.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) mechanism
Amnestic immune response or primary immune response with potential shortened cell survival.
Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) cause
Amnestic immune response or primary immune response, often due to HPA-1a antigen.
Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) symptoms
Profound thrombocytopenia, bleeding, 1 to 24 days after transfusion.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) cause
Immunologic attack by viable donor lymphocytes in transfused blood.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) mechanism
Donor T cells attack recipient tissues.
Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis cause
Iron overload from frequent blood transfusions.
Disease transmission from transfusion cause
Infectious agents transmitted via transfused blood products.
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) symptoms
Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, cough, headache, chest tightness, hypertension, jugular vein distention.
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) cause
Exceeding the cardiovascular system’s ability to handle additional workload, leading to congestive heart failure.
Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) cause
Incompatible blood.
Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing
Occurs within minutes.
Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings
Free hemoglobin in urine, DAT (+), intravascular hemolysis.
Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications
Hypotension, DIC, acute renal failure.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing
Occurs 3-7 days after transfusion.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Blood)
Bilirubin, Methalbumin.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Urine)
Urobilinogen, Hemosiderin.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings
DAT (+), Extravascular hemolysis.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications
Unexplained depletion of Hgb and Hct, leading to anemia.
