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BLOODBANK/IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > Transfusion reactions > Flashcards

Transfusion reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Acute transfusion reaction occurs within

A

24 hours of transfusion.

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2
Q

Delayed transfusion reaction occurs

A

after 24 hours of transfusion.

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3
Q

Acute immunologic transfusion reaction involves interaction between

A

antigen-antibody.

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4
Q

Acute immunologic transfusion reactions causes

A

Hemolytic, febrile nonhemolytic, allergic, TRALI.

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5
Q

Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes

A

Bacterial contamination, circulatory overload, physician/chemical hemolysis.

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6
Q

Delayed immunologic transfusion reactions causes

A

Hemolytic, transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, post transfusion purpura.

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7
Q

Delayed nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes

A

Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis, disease transmission.

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8
Q

Hemolytic transfusion reaction cause

A

Immune system attacks transfused RBCs due to incompatible blood (ABO mismatch or clerical error).

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9
Q

Hemolytic transfusion reaction reaction period

A

Occurs within 1-2 hours.

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10
Q

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) cause

A

Antileukocyte antibodies or platelet storage changes.

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11
Q

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) symptoms

A

1°C increase in body temperature, immune-mediated or platelet storage related.

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12
Q

Allergic transfusion reaction cause

A

Recipient antibodies react to an allergen in the blood component.

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13
Q

Allergic transfusion reaction symptoms

A

Weals, hives, erythema, pruritus; severe cases may include anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions.

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14
Q

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) cause

A

Anti-WBC antibodies from donor interact with recipient leukocytes.

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15
Q

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) symptoms

A

Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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16
Q

Bacterial contamination in transfusion cause

A

Blood products contaminated by bacteria during collection or storage.

17
Q

Circulatory overload in transfusion cause

A

Rapid infusion of large volumes of blood causing heart failure.

18
Q

Physician/chemical hemolysis cause

A

Mishandling or exposure to chemicals during transfusion.

19
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) cause

A

New red cell antibodies detected after 24 hours of transfusion.

20
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) mechanism

A

Amnestic immune response or primary immune response with potential shortened cell survival.

21
Q

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) cause

A

Amnestic immune response or primary immune response, often due to HPA-1a antigen.

22
Q

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) symptoms

A

Profound thrombocytopenia, bleeding, 1 to 24 days after transfusion.

23
Q

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) cause

A

Immunologic attack by viable donor lymphocytes in transfused blood.

24
Q

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) mechanism

A

Donor T cells attack recipient tissues.

25
Q

Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis cause

A

Iron overload from frequent blood transfusions.

26
Q

Disease transmission from transfusion cause

A

Infectious agents transmitted via transfused blood products.

27
Q

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) symptoms

A

Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, cough, headache, chest tightness, hypertension, jugular vein distention.

28
Q

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) cause

A

Exceeding the cardiovascular system’s ability to handle additional workload, leading to congestive heart failure.

29
Q

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) cause

A

Incompatible blood.

30
Q

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing

A

Occurs within minutes.

31
Q

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings

A

Free hemoglobin in urine, DAT (+), intravascular hemolysis.

32
Q

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications

A

Hypotension, DIC, acute renal failure.

33
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing

A

Occurs 3-7 days after transfusion.

34
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Blood)

A

Bilirubin, Methalbumin.

35
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Urine)

A

Urobilinogen, Hemosiderin.

36
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings

A

DAT (+), Extravascular hemolysis.

37
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications

A

Unexplained depletion of Hgb and Hct, leading to anemia.

BLOODBANK/IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (22 decks)

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