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BLOODBANK/IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > Pretransfusion Testing > Flashcards

Pretransfusion Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of pretransfusion compatibility testing

A

Ensures patient safety by matching compatible blood.

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2
Q

Steps in pretransfusion testing

A

Identify and handle recipient and donor blood.

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3
Q

Specimen collection requirements

A

Label with full name, ID, and collection date.

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4
Q

Acceptable specimen types

A

Anticoagulated or clotted samples; serum in plain tubes.

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5
Q

Unacceptable specimen conditions

A

Hemolysis or IV contamination causes positive results.

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6
Q

Specimen retention post transfusion

A

Retain for at least 7 days.

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7
Q

Effect of lipemia

A

Lipemia usually does not lead to rejection.

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8
Q

Tests performed

A

ABO typing, Rh typing, AB screening, and antibody ID.

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9
Q

Recipient blood selection (AB) first to least choice

A

AB can receive from AB, A, B, O.

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10
Q

Recipient blood selection (A) first to least choice

A

A can receive from A, O.

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11
Q

Recipient blood selection (B) first to least choice

A

B can receive from B, O.

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12
Q

Recipient blood selection (O) first to least choice

A

O can only receive from O.

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13
Q

Crossmatching purpose

A

Final check of ABO compatibility and detection of undetected antibodies.

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14
Q

Serologic major crossmatch test procedure

A

Patient serum tested with donor RBC (Immediate spin, thermal phase, AHG).

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15
Q

Reasons for crossmatch incompatibilities

A

Incorrect ABO grouping, undetected cold-reactive antibodies, plasma abnormalities.

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16
Q

Crossmatch with negative antibody screen

A

Immediate spin if no clinically significant antibody is detected.

17
Q

Type and screen request with negative antibody screen

A

ABO/D phenotype determined; no alloantibodies means no further testing needed.

18
Q

Crossmatch procedure with detected alloantibody

A

Complete crossmatch (immediate spin + antiglobulin) with antigen-negative units.

19
Q

Previous alloantibody and crossmatch procedure

A

Perform complete crossmatch (immediate spin + antiglobulin) on antigen-negative units for prior and new antibodies.

20
Q

Computer crossmatch use

A

Only for patients with no clinically significant antibodies or history of alloantibodies.

21
Q

Computer crossmatch function

A

Compares ABO serologic results and interpretation.

22
Q

Advantages of computer crossmatch

A

Increased efficiency, reduced sample volume, flexibility, potential cost savings, and centralized transfusion service.

23
Q

Incompatible crossmatch with positive AHG (One antibody screening cell and one donor positive in AHG)

A

Likely alloantibody.

24
Q

Resolution for incompatible crossmatch with alloantibody

A

Identify the antibody and crossmatch units negative for the corresponding antigen.

25
Q

Incompatible crossmatch with positive DAT on donor (Antibody screening cells and autocontrol negative; one donor positive in AHG)

A

Likely positive DAT on donor.

26
Q

Resolution for positive DAT on donor

A

Return the unit to the blood collecting facility.

27
Q

Incompatible crossmatch with warm autoantibody (Antibody screening cells, donors, and autocontrol positive in AHG)

A

Likely warm autoantibody.

28
Q

Resolution for warm autoantibody

A

Avoid transfusion if possible; if necessary, find the least incompatible unit.

29
Q

Incompatible crossmatch with rouleaux (Antibody screening cells, donors, and autocontrol positive at 37°C, negative in AHG)

A

Likely rouleaux formation.

30
Q

Resolution for rouleaux

A

Use saline replacement technique.

31
Q

Unused unit requirements

A

Unit closure must remain unopened; storage temperature 1-10°C for RBCs; if not, return within 30 minutes of issue.

32
Q

Neonatal transfusion criteria

A

Less than 7 days old; CMV negative or leukocyte reduced; O-negative; Hemoglobin S negative; Dose: 10 ml/kg over 2-3 hours.

33
Q

Autologous transfusion benefit

A

Reduces the risk of transfusion reactions and transmission of infectious diseases.

34
Q

Emergency transfusion criteria

A

Transfusion of RBC components before completion of pretransfusion testing: ABO specific blood, O Rh negative, or O Rh positive for males and females above childbearing age.

35
Q

Not required for compatibility testing of blood components

A

Plasma products, platelets, thawed plasma, or cryoprecipitate.

36
Q

Massive transfusion complications

A

Citrate toxicity (calcium hypo), iron overload, bleeding.

BLOODBANK/IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (22 decks)

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