Basic genetics Flashcards
Study of transmission of inherited characteristics, important in antigen inheritance and inherited disorders.
Genetics.
Normal number of human chromosomes.
46 chromosomes
Genes expressed equally in males and females, located on non-sex chromosomes.
Autosomal genes.
Genes carried on the X chromosome.
Sex-linked genes.
A segment of DNA arranged along the chromosome at a specific position called a locus.
Gene.
Genes at a specific locus that differ in their nucleotide sequence.
Alleles definition.
Mendelian Inheritance principle.
Genes occur in pairs; one gene is passed from parent to offspring.
First Mendel law: Individual traits are inherited separately from each other and segregate unchanged into different gametes.
Law of Independent Segregation.
Genes for different traits are inherited separately, traits expressed discretely from different chromosomes.
Law of Independent Assortment.
Used to predict the inheritance of blood group antigens and understand heterozygosity and homozygosity.
Punnett square use.
Individual inherits identical alleles at the same gene locus from both parents.
Homozygous.
Individual inherits different alleles at the same gene locus from each parent.
Heterozygous.
Agglutination reactions are stronger for homozygous cells and slightly weaker for heterozygous cells.
Dosage effect
Genes inherited on the same chromosome.
Cis inheritance.
Genes inherited on separate chromosomes; transposition can weaken trait expression.
Trans inheritance.
