Detection of Antibodies

Question 1

Antibodies exhibit weak reactivity at high dilutions; dissociate easily due to low avidity

Answer 1

High-Titer Low-Avidity

Question 2

Antibodies with titers usually ≥1:64, often over 1:1000, react weakly but can appear clinically significant

Answer 2

High-Titer Antibodies

Question 3

Lab screening detects antibodies in donor plasma; discard plasma if antibodies are seen

Answer 3

Donor Lab Screening

Question 4

Antibody identification in patients to determine compatible blood or glucose level

Answer 4

Px Lab Screening

Question 5

Detection of clinically significant alloantibodies that cause decreased RBC survival, usually IgG antibodies that react at 37°C

Answer 5

Clinically Significant Alloantibodies

Question 6

Detect antibodies by reacting patient serum with reagent RBCs phenotyped for multiple antigens like C, c, D, E, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, K, k, Lea, Leb, P1, M, N, S, s

Answer 6

Antibody Detection and Identification

Question 7

Reagent RBCs used in antibody detection to identify clinically significant antibodies while minimizing the detection of insignificant ones

Answer 7

Reagent RBCs

Question 8

Antigram result to identify antibodies; positive test indicates the need for antibody identification, negative result eliminates positive agglutination

Answer 8

Antigram

Question 9

IgG antibodies that cause decreased RBC survival, typically reacting at 37°C.

Answer 9

Clinically Significant Alloantibodies

Question 10

Antibody Detection and Identification involves reaction of

Answer 10

patient serum with reagent RBCs phenotyped for multiple antigens

Question 11

O cells phenotyped for multiple antigens used in antibody detection and identification.

Answer 11

Reagent RBC

Question 12

Detect clinically significant antibodies, minimize detection of insignificant antibodies, and complete the procedure in a timely manner.

Answer 12

Purpose of Antibody Identification

Question 13

Positive result indicates need for antibody identification; negative result eliminates positive agglutination.

Answer 13

Antigram

Question 14

Purpose of Antibody Identification

Answer 14

Detect significant antibodies, minimize insignificant ones, and complete efficiently.

Question 15

Antigram results interpretation

Answer 15

Positive results needs antibody identification; negative result rules out agglutination.

Question 16

Rule of Three in antibody screening

Answer 16

Patient serum must be positive with 3 cells with the antigen; negative 3 cells without the antigen

Question 17

Enzyme modification of RBC surface

Answer 17

Removal of sialic acid residues and denaturation of glycoproteins, altering antigen expression

Question 18

Enzyme used to modify RBC surface and alter antigen expression

Answer 18

Sialic acid

Question 19

Anti-P1 Neutralization substances

Answer 19

Hydatid cyst fluid, pigeon droppings, turtledoves’ egg whites

Question 20

Anti-Lewis Neutralized using

Answer 20

Plasma, serum, or saliva

Question 21

Anti-Chido and Rodgers Neutralization using

Answer 21

Serum containing complement

Question 22

Anti-Sda Neutralization using

Answer 22

Urine

Question 23

Anti-I Neutralization using

Answer 23

Human breast milk

Question 24

Adsorption process

Answer 24

Removal of antibody from serum using an adsorbent

Question 25

Adsorbent for Bg-like antibodies

Answer 25

Human platelet concentrate

Question 26

Adsorbent for cold-reacting autoantibodies

Answer 26

Rabbit erythrocyte stroma (RESt)