Transfer of skills Flashcards
What is transfer?
The influence that one skill has on the learning and performance of another
What is basic to complex transfer?
-When teaching and coaching skills it is common to teach basic skills and then build on these to develop sophisticated skills
-In primary primary PE fundamental skills of throwing, catching and kicking at encouraged so they can be transferred to more complex sport specific scenarios
-skill teaching is progressive and step by step
-similar to progressive part practice
What is positive transfer?
-one skills enhances the learning and performance of another
-patterns of movement relate positively across different activities
What is a practical example of positive transfer?
The learning of the overarm throw positively transfers to the learning of the javelin throw
What is negative transfer?
-One skill impedes the learning and performance of another
What is a practical example of negative transfer?
-Tennis wrist is firm and stiff
-Badminton wrist is flexible and soft
What is retroactive transfer?
-When newly learnt skills influence skills already learnt
What is a practical example of retroactive transfer?
Football goalkeeper changes to playing rugby union may learn how to jump in the line. When he goes back to football his previously learnt catching skills could show improvement due to his exposure to the catching role in rugby
What is bilateral transfer?
-Skills can be transferred from one limb to another through a motor programme
What is a motor programme?
A generalised series of movements stored in the long term memory and each is retrieved by a single decision. Can be made up of a large number of subroutines and contains all the information required to make a movement
What is an open control loop?
automatic, subconscious refinements/adjustments to a motor programme whilst it is underway
What is the different between symmetrical and asymmetrical transfer?
Asymmetrical- repeat same skill on same side
A,A,A,A
Symmetrical- Same skill, different side, one after another
B,A,B,A,B,A
What is near transfer?
when a task given in training are reflective of the real game situation
what is far transfer?
training task unlike a real game situation
How can a coach optimise the positive effects of transfer?
-highlight similarities between skills
-highlight specific transferable element
-highlight similarities in information processing
-activities replicate real game situation = true kinaesthetic feel
-postively reinforce correct responses
-use similar practice situations
-use positive reinforcement/ praise
-use progressive practices so that sub routines can build upon another skill
-teach fundamental/ basic skills first
