Aggresion Flashcards
Definition of aggression
Intent to harm outside of the rules of an event (it is pure and reactive)
What is an example of agression?
-purposely performing an illegal tackle in rugby
-studs up tackle in football
Definition of assertion
Forceful behaviour within the laws of an event
What is an example of assertion?
centre back making a strong,forceful tackle on the forward due to him being annoyed that the ball keeps going past him
Definition of catharsis
a sense of release of frustration which leads to a positive sense of wellbeing
What is instinct theory?
-aggression is a natural response, result of genetics, innate
What are the advantages of instinct theory?
-tells us aggression can be hard to control
-some are consistently aggressive, predictable in some
-can feel catharsis/ release of aggression when channeling aggression in sport
What are the disadvantages of instinct theory?
-not all humans show aggressive behaviour
-too simplistic and generalised
-aggression often not spontaneous, usually provoked
-often learned/copied/influenced by socialisation
-shown by people at different times/depending on environment/situation
What is frustration/aggresion hypothesis?
-says frustration will always lead to aggresion
-any blocking of goals that an individual is trying to reach increases the individuals drive which in turn increases aggression
-once aggression is initiated, will then reduce the frustration leading to catharsis
What are the advantages of frustration-aggression hypothesis ?
-more realistic than instinct theory
-it is true that you get a sense of catharsis once frustration is released as aggression
-there is evidence of it happening in sport
-acknowledges the link between frustration and aggression
-supports social learning theory
What are the disadvantages of frustration-aggression hypothesis ?
-frustration does not always lead to aggression
-aggression often occurs with no evidence of frustration
-does not take into account individuals born with aggressive traits
-unpunished aggression does not always lead to catharsis/aggression is not always satisfying, can lead to regret
-not everyone becomes frustrated when a goal is blocked, some become motivated instead of frustrated
What is Aggressive cue hypothesis?
-when an individual is frustrated there is an increase in arousal which creates a readiness for aggression
-if aggression is going to occur then certain stimuli must be present that act as cues for athlete who associates cues with having to be aggressive
What are examples of aggressive cues?
-unfairness (unfair ref decision, calling a penalty to the other team that should not of been given)
-nature of the sport (boxing perceived as aggressive)
-other people (opponent being verbally abusive)
What is social learning theory?
-aggression is a learned response, not instinctive
-learn by observing and copying of significant others or by direct reinforcement
-suggests aggression is controllable for everyone
What are the advantages of social learning theory?
-aggression is learned from significant others
-stresses power of reinforcement
What are the disadvantages of social learning theory?
-disputes idea that we have natural aggressive tendencies
What are ways of eliminating aggression and examples?
Reinforcement - reinforce non-aggresive acts
eg. if a player is successful by being assertive rather then aggresive, reward him
Remove - remove aggresive player from situation
eg. subbing aggresive player off
Avoid- avoid situations that initiate aggressive response
eg. manager doesn’t start the player that has previous aggresive acts surrounding another team
Control- control arousal levels through stress management techniques
eg. relaxation
Highlight- highlight successful non-aggressive role models, highlight players position of responsibility
eg. giving man-of-the-match to non-aggressive player
Punish- punish aggressive participants
eg. tell player who keeps on being aggressive that they will not be starting the next 3 games due to their actions
Increase Peer Pressure- encourage significant others not to reinforce aggression
What are the key points of aggression?
-Is behavioural, so only aggression if put into action
-Intent to cause harm
-Can be physical. verbal or psychological
What is the acronym to remember ways of eliminating aggression?
RICH RAP
