Attitudes

Question 1

What is the definition of attitudes?

Answer 1

unstable beliefs/feelings/actions towards an attitude object

Question 2

What are the 3 components of the Triadic Model?

Answer 2

Cognitive - beliefs towards an attitude object
Affective - emotions towards an attitude object
Behavioural - actions towards an attitude object

Question 3

What is an example of the cognitive element of the Triadic Model?

Answer 3

you believe training/exercise will keep you fit and enhance body image

Question 4

What is an example of the affective element of the Triadic Model?

Answer 4

you enjoy training/exercise and have fun doing it

Question 5

What is an example of the behavioural element of the Triadic Model?

Answer 5

you train 3 times a week

Question 6

What is consonance in relation to the Triadic Model?

Answer 6

when all the elements align/ are consistent

Question 7

What is dissonance in relation to the Triadic Model?

Answer 7

When all the elements do not align - discomfort, inconsistent

Question 8

What is the definition of prejudice?

Answer 8

a preconceived opinion based on a faulty and inflexible generalisation

Question 9

What is an example of how prejudice can affect behaviour in sport?

Answer 9

someone not selected for a team due to there ethnic background

Question 10

What is the definition of stereotype?

Answer 10

a belief held by a collection of people about traits shared by a category of person

eg. girls can’t play football, it’s a boys sport

Question 11

What are the two ways that attitudes can be changed?

Answer 11

-persuasive communication
-cognitive dissonance

Question 12

What are the five elements of persuasive communication?

Answer 12

-the persuader
-the message
-the recipients
-the situation

Question 13

What is the persuader element of persuasive communication?

Answer 13

a significant other, high status, more people persuading, trustworthy

Question 14

What is the message element of persuasive communication?

Answer 14

accurate, clear, presented well, good quality, believable

Question 15

What is the recipients element of persuasive communication?

Answer 15

pay attention, understand, accept, change is easier if the recipient wants to change

Question 16

What is the situation element of persuasive communication?

Answer 16

recipient should feel comfortable in the location, timing of persuasion needs to be right

Question 17

What is an example of the persuader element of persuasive communication?

Answer 17

a well respected, knowledgeable football coach

Question 18

What is an example of the message element of persuasive communication?

Answer 18

a coach tells player he has not been attending training so he is not playing in the match. He says if he attends all sessions for the next week he will need to put in the starting 11

Question 19

What is an example of the recipient element of persuasive communication?

Answer 19

player listens and wants to make a change

Question 20

What is an example of three situation element of persuasive communication?

Answer 20

coach speaks to player on own and not in front of other teammates

Question 21

How does cognitive dissonance lead to changing attitudes?

Answer 21

-the stronger the dissonance the more likely the change
-new information supports change and consonance

eg. belief exercise is good, however does not enjoy the gym and therefore does not make use of the membership. Personal trainer advises member access different classes such as yoga and body pump subsequently they attend the gym 3X a week and enjoys the variety

Question 22

What are the problems associated with cognitive dissonance theory?

Answer 22

-cannot be measured
-it is difficult to identify states of dissonance
-what creates or is dissonance is not the same for all people
-individuals differ on strategies used to reduce dissonance
-people who experience high levels of anxiety tend to experience greater feelings of dissonance

Question 23

What are the factors that can affect a positive attitudes?

Answer 23

Socialisation - friends play sport may influence you to play
Past Experiences - negative experience in PE lesson may discourage from playing sport
Religious Beliefs - against muslim tradition for women to show skin in public places
Media - newspaper articles on benefits of exercise could lead to a positive attitude
Significant Others - parents that take part in physical activity could encourage children to do so

Question 24

What are the reasons for someone having a positive attitude towards PE and sport?

Answer 24

-motivation
-significant others (parent role models who do sport)
-television/ media shows positive role models
-people with varied religious beliefs represented at big events and competitions (eg. olympics)
-believe in value of exercise
-have fun, enjoy activities/ competition
-good at the sport
-experience excitement due to challenge
-experience relaxation/ catharsis escape
-seen as social norm

Question 25

What are the reasons for someone having a negative attitude towards PE and sport?

Answer 25

-past negative experiences
-media presenting the sport as bad (eg. abuse in gymnastics)
-parents have negative attitude towards sport
-see it as harmful, better to do other activities
-frightened
-experience stress and anxiety
-seen as social norm to not participate in