Classification of skills Flashcards by Maya Hennig

what is the definition of classification?

the process of grouping similar skills together and giving them a generic label

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what is the definition of continuum?

An imaginary scale between 2 extremes which shows a gradual increase/decrease in a number of characteristics

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what 3 factors are motor skills based on

precision of movement
definite begging/end
environment influence

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what are the 6 different continuums?

Difficulty
Environment influence
Pacing
Muscular Involvement
Continuity
Organisation

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what are the 2 extremes of the difficulty continuum?

Simple
Complex

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How are skills classified on the difficulty continuum? (SIMPLE- COMPLEX)

Based upon the types of judgement and decisions that the performer has to make

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What are the characteristics of a simple skill?

-straightforward
-few subroutines
-hardly any judgement and decisions
-taught as a whole

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what are the characteristics of a complex skill?

-complicated skills
-requiring a lot of attention/practice
-require a large amount of interlinked subroutines
-involve lots of decisions
-taught in stages

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what is a practical example of a simple skill?

-sprint start in swimming

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what is a practical example of a complex skill?

-slip catch in cricket

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what are the two extremes on the environmental influence continuum?

Open skills
Closed skills

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How are skills classified on the environmental influence continuum? (OPEN- CLOSED)

the continuum is concerned with the effects of the environment on skills

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what are the characteristics of a open skill?

-require perceptual monitoring
-occur in a unpredictable environment
-form of action is constantly being varied/adapted according to what is happening around the performer
-requires decision making
-usually externally paced

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what are the characteristics of a closed skill?

-pre learned and habitual
-no external requirements
-occur in a predictable environment
-follow a set pattern with a definite beginning and end
-usually self-paced

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what is a practical example of a open skill?

pass in football

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what is a practical example of a closed skill?

free throw in basketball

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what are the two extremes on the pacing continuum?

externally paced skills
self-paced skills

How are skills classified on the pacing continuum? (EXTERNALLY AND SELF PACED)

Refers to the timing of movements

What are the characteristics of a externally-paced skill?

-speed and precision with which the skill is executed are controlled by the environment/ surroundings of the performer
-involves a reaction
-usually an open skill

What are the the characteristics of a self-paced skill?

-rate of action is controlled by the preformer
-skill is generally more closed/habitual

what is a practical example of a externally-paced skill?

-receiving a serve in badminton

what is a practical example of a self-paced skill?

javelin throw

what are the two extremes of the muscular involvement continuum?

Gross skills
Fine skills

How are skills classified on the muscular involvement continuum? (GROSS, FINE)

Concerned with the precision of movement

What are the characteristics of a gross skill?

-use large muscle movements -little need for precision -include many fundamental movement patterns, such as jumping

What are the characteristics of a fine skill?

-use small muscle groups -intricate movements -a need for precision -high degree of hand eye coordination

What is a sporting example of a gross skill?

-olympic weight lifting

What is a sporting example of a fine skill?

-snooker shot

What are the extremes of the continuity continuum?

Discrete skills Serial skills Continuous skills

How are skills classified on the continuity continumm?

concerned with how clear the beginning and end of a skill is

What are the characteristics of a discrete skill?

-have a clear beginning and end -single specific skill -the performer must start again to repeat the skill

What are the characteristics of a serial skills?

-have a number of discrete skills/subroutines -which are linked together into a performance consisting of several phases

What are the characteristics of a continuous skill?

-cannot be split up into subroutines or easily distinguishable parts -no definite beginning and end -end of one cycle is beginning of next

What is a practical example of a discrete skill?

penalty in football

What is a practical example of a serial skill?

Triple jump

what is a practical example of continuous skill?

cycling running

What are the extremes on the organisational continuum?

Low High

How are skills classified on the organisational continumm?

How closely linked sub routines of the movement skill are

What are the characteristics of a low organisation skill?

-Uncomplicated and have little organisational structure -Subroutines tend to be discrete- they can be split up easily and practised separately

what are the characteristics of a high organisation skill?

-Have complex organisational structure -Subroutines are closely linked -Cannot be practice separately -Require far more attention and concentration to be performed successfully

what is a practical example of an low organisation skill?

-gymnastics routine

what is a practical example of a high organisation skill?

Golf swing