Classification of skills Flashcards
what is the definition of classification?
the process of grouping similar skills together and giving them a generic label
what is the definition of continuum?
An imaginary scale between 2 extremes which shows a gradual increase/decrease in a number of characteristics
what 3 factors are motor skills based on
precision of movement
definite begging/end
environment influence
what are the 6 different continuums?
Difficulty
Environment influence
Pacing
Muscular Involvement
Continuity
Organisation
what are the 2 extremes of the difficulty continuum?
Simple
Complex
How are skills classified on the difficulty continuum? (SIMPLE- COMPLEX)
Based upon the types of judgement and decisions that the performer has to make
What are the characteristics of a simple skill?
-straightforward
-few subroutines
-hardly any judgement and decisions
-taught as a whole
what are the characteristics of a complex skill?
-complicated skills
-requiring a lot of attention/practice
-require a large amount of interlinked subroutines
-involve lots of decisions
-taught in stages
what is a practical example of a simple skill?
-sprint start in swimming
what is a practical example of a complex skill?
-slip catch in cricket
what are the two extremes on the environmental influence continuum?
Open skills
Closed skills
How are skills classified on the environmental influence continuum? (OPEN- CLOSED)
the continuum is concerned with the effects of the environment on skills
what are the characteristics of a open skill?
-require perceptual monitoring
-occur in a unpredictable environment
-form of action is constantly being varied/adapted according to what is happening around the performer
-requires decision making
-usually externally paced
what are the characteristics of a closed skill?
-pre learned and habitual
-no external requirements
-occur in a predictable environment
-follow a set pattern with a definite beginning and end
-usually self-paced
what is a practical example of a open skill?
pass in football
what is a practical example of a closed skill?
free throw in basketball
what are the two extremes on the pacing continuum?
externally paced skills
self-paced skills
How are skills classified on the pacing continuum? (EXTERNALLY AND SELF PACED)
Refers to the timing of movements
What are the characteristics of a externally-paced skill?
-speed and precision with which the skill is executed are controlled by the environment/ surroundings of the performer
-involves a reaction
-usually an open skill
What are the the characteristics of a self-paced skill?
-rate of action is controlled by the preformer
-skill is generally more closed/habitual
what is a practical example of a externally-paced skill?
-receiving a serve in badminton
what is a practical example of a self-paced skill?
javelin throw
what are the two extremes of the muscular involvement continuum?
Gross skills
Fine skills
How are skills classified on the muscular involvement continuum? (GROSS, FINE)
Concerned with the precision of movement
What are the characteristics of a gross skill?
-use large muscle movements
-little need for precision
-include many fundamental movement patterns, such as jumping
What are the characteristics of a fine skill?
-use small muscle groups
-intricate movements
-a need for precision
-high degree of hand eye coordination
What is a sporting example of a gross skill?
-olympic weight lifting
What is a sporting example of a fine skill?
-snooker shot
What are the extremes of the continuity continuum?
Discrete skills
Serial skills
Continuous skills
How are skills classified on the continuity continumm?
concerned with how clear the beginning and end of a skill is
What are the characteristics of a discrete skill?
-have a clear beginning and end
-single specific skill
-the performer must start again to repeat the skill
What are the characteristics of a serial skills?
-have a number of discrete skills/subroutines
-which are linked together into a performance consisting of several phases
What are the characteristics of a continuous skill?
-cannot be split up into subroutines or easily distinguishable parts
-no definite beginning and end
-end of one cycle is beginning of next
What is a practical example of a discrete skill?
penalty in football
What is a practical example of a serial skill?
Triple jump
what is a practical example of continuous skill?
cycling
running
What are the extremes on the organisational continuum?
Low
High
How are skills classified on the organisational continumm?
How closely linked sub routines of the movement skill are
What are the characteristics of a low organisation skill?
-Uncomplicated and have little organisational structure
-Subroutines tend to be discrete- they can be split up easily and practised separately
what are the characteristics of a high organisation skill?
-Have complex organisational structure
-Subroutines are closely linked
-Cannot be practice separately
-Require far more attention and concentration to be performed successfully
what is a practical example of an low organisation skill?
-gymnastics routine
what is a practical example of a high organisation skill?
Golf swing
