Motivation

Question 1

What is the definition of motivation?

Answer 1

personal inner drive/desires to achieve a set goal

Question 2

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 2

-the internal drive to participate or preform well
eg. drives or emotional feelings, fun, enjoyment, personal accomplishment, sense of pride
eg. gymnast enjoys the sport and trains and has fun with friends

Question 3

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 3

-the external drive to participate or to preform well
eg. rewards, badges, medals, prize money

Question 4

What is the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Answer 4

-extrinsic rewards encourage initial participation
-adding an extrinsic reward to a situation which a youngster is already intrinsically motivated at best increases motivation and at worst does not harm
-in certain circumstances, adding external rewards can change individuals behaviour, so when reward is withdrawn or no long available interest or drive is actively reduced
-those who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to continue in participation than those who seek rewards

Question 5

What are the advantages of intrinsic motivation?

Answer 5

-more valuable for own gain
-encourage life long participation
-more self sufficient

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of intrinsic motivation?

Answer 6

-intrinsic motivation may not be enough to maintain participation
-cognitive learners require more than just intrinsic motivation in order to persist

Question 7

What are the advantages of extrinsic motivation?

Answer 7

-improve confidence
-effective when encouraging young children
-may have a more significant impact

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of extrinsic motivation?

Answer 8

-undermines intrinsic motivation
-losses effect
-if removed motivation may decline
-may be demotivating if you don’t end up achieving the level required for extrinsic reward

Question 9

Sporting example of intrinsic motivation

Answer 9

Golfer gains personal satisfaction from winning a match

Question 10

Sporting example of extrinsic motivation

Answer 10

Golfer is motivated by the prize money for winning a major tournament

Question 11

What are the two types of reward for extrinsic motivation

Answer 11

Tangible - badges, medals, prize money
Intangible - peer praise, gaining world record, national recognition

Question 12

What are effective motivational strategies for early stages of learning?

Answer 12

-Making training or participation fun/enjoyable
-Presentation of positive role models
-Lots of positive reinforcement
-Set challenging but attainable task goals
-Introduce extrinsic rewards

Question 13

What are effective motivational strategies for later stages of learning?

Answer 13

-Variability in training and practice
-Use more specific feedback which can include negative reinforcement
-Involve the performer in goal setting and decision making, as athlete who shares in planning a training programme will view success with a sense of personal achievement
-Ensure goals are appropriate
-Allow adequate rest periods to prevent burn out
-The coach could ‘Talk up’ the level of motivation-verbal persuasion