Stages of Learning

Question 1

Who proposed the 3 stages of learning?

Answer 1

Fitted and Posner (1967)

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of learning?

Answer 2

Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous

Question 3

What is the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 3

-earliest stage of learning, beginner is faced with a new skill
-trying out certain movements
-learners main concern is understanding what is required and how to attempt skill
-there is little attention to the wider environment
-learner has to think a lot about the skill
-coaches can help learner by providing feedback
-lots of practice and trial and error
-learners often unaware of how to correct errors

Question 4

What does a cognitive learner look like?

Answer 4

-inconsistent
-lots of errors/mistakes
-poor shot selection
-uncoordinated
-lack of flow/ poor timing
-jerky movements/ not aesthetically pleasing
-lack of tactical awareness

Question 5

What is a associative learner?

Answer 5

-When the learner can preform an action but starts to refine the skill. Smoother patterns emerge
-Begins to monitor own feedback, additional feedback is still require, needs to be more detailed then in cognitive stage. Greater emphasis on kinaesthesis
-Anticipation develops, responses improve
-Improvements require less cognitive and more physical effort
-Improvements become slower, less noticeable

Question 6

What does an associative learner look like?

Answer 6

• Increased fruity, less jerky movements
  -Fewer mistakes
  -Kinaesthetic/ intrinsic feed back using KOP and KOR
  -Motor programmes formed, practice and rehearsal occurs
  -Associating a mental model/picture

Question 7

What is a autonomous learner?

Answer 7

-motor programmes are formed in the long term memory
-reaction time is short
-continuously refer back to associative stage where practice ensures motor programmes are reinforced

Question 8

What does a autonomous learner look like?

Answer 8

-Little conscious thought is needed, movements are automatic, habitual, fluent, grooved, effortless
-Able to ignore distractions
-Can concentrate on strategies/tactics OR have spare attentional capacity
-Quick reactions as motor programmes fully formed
-Confident performance
-Good accuracy, consistent, controlled, few mistakes, high success rate
-Able to use kinaesthesis/ internal feedback

Question 9

What are practical examples of a autonomous learner?

Answer 9

-Hockey player receives ball, looks up and flicks ball to other opponents stick quickly
-High jumper will be confident at knowing they can clear the bar