Goal Setting in Sport Flashcards
What is the importance/ benefits of goal setting?
-Increase effort, as it gives the performer something to achieve
-Encourages persistence, see yourself hit milestones
-Increases motivation, opportunity for praise when achieving small goals
-Provides an incentive
-Reduces anxiety
-Can increase confidence
-Encourages new strategies/ tactics
-Improves focus
-Controls arousal
What are the 3 types of goal?
Process goals, Performance goals, Outcome goals
What are process goals?
These focus on the performers technique and tactics, what has to be done to be successful
eg. Keeping legs together in gymnastics tumbles, working on reaction time out of the blocks
What are performance goals?
These goals are judged against others performance,
eg. improving a race time, getting a higher execution mark
What are outcome goals?
These are related to the end result
eg. winning the competition
What are the 4 factors affecting goal setting?
-Long and short term goals
-Goal difficulty
-Goal specificity
-Sharing decision making
How do long and short term goals affect goal setting?
Short term goals provide opportunities for success and can reinforce positive feeling, helping to control anxiety
How does goal difficulty affect goal setting?
Setting challenging goals leads to better performance. Goals must be achievable but challenging. If they are too easy motivation will decline
How does goal specificity affect goal setting?
Clearly defined goals leads to better performance and aids evaluation
How does sharing decision making affect goal setting?
Negotiation and agreement is more effective than externally set goals. It increases the sense of ownership and motivation
What is the SMART principle?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Time Bound
What is the specific element of the smart principle?
The goal must be relevant to the performer
eg. A marathon runner improving his PB by 5 minutes
What is the measurable element of the smart principle?
Data can be recorded
eg. Improving a time in a race and collecting this
What is the achievable element of the smart principle?
The goal must be within the performers capabilities, challenging but realistic
eg. To improve marathon time from 3hrs10mins to sub 3hours
What is the recorded element of the smart principle?
There is a log or results are kept in a record book
eg. runner records his distances converted or time for competition
