Transcriptional regulation in Eukaryotes Flashcards
What is a genome
The full set of genes needed for organisms to develop, survive and reproduce
What does gene expression control
Which genes are switched on and how much gene product is produced
What does transcriptional regulation do
Prevents the DNA from being transcribed
What does post-transcriptional regulation do
The mRNA can be modified to change the protein that is translated
What does post-transcriptional regulation do
The protein modified after translation
What can transcription be regulated by
A variety of DNA-binding proteins which bind to promoters
What are promoters
Regions of DNA where transcription is initiated as this is where RNA polymerase binds
What are DNA-binding proteins called
Transcription factors
What are transcription factors
Proteins that bind to promoter regions of DNA, resulting in the inhibition or activation of transcription
What do the transcription factors that are activators do
They bind to a specific region of DNA and help RNA polymerase bind. mRNA will be produced and can be used to synthesise a specific protein
What do the transcription factors that are repressors do
They bind to a specific region of DNA and prevent RNA polymerase from binding. This inhibits transcription and no mRNA will be produced and protein synthesis will not occur
What do RNA polymerase and transcription factors form together
Transcription initiation complex
What are general transcription factors
Transcription factors found in all cells and used in the transcription of all genes
