hormones

Question 1

What are hormones

Answer 1

Signalling molecules that are released into the blood

Question 2

Why can hormones contact almost all cells in the body

Answer 2

They are released into the blood

Question 3

Which cells are affected by hormones

Answer 3

Only cells with receptors for the specific hormone are affected

Question 4

What are cells with the correct receptors for the specific hormone called

Answer 4

Target cells

Question 5

Define target cells

Answer 5

For any given hormone, target cells are cells in the body that have a specific receptor for that hormone

Question 6

Describe endocrine glands

Answer 6

Glands in the endocrine system that release hormones straight into the blood

Question 7

What is the endocrine system

Answer 7

Communication system that uses hormones as signalling molecules

Question 8

What are exocrine glands

Answer 8

Glands that secrete molecules into a tube called duct, which takes molecules to where they are used

Question 9

What do exocrine glands in the pancreas do

Answer 9

Secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Question 10

What do endocrine glands in the pancreas do

Answer 10

Secrete insulin into the blood

Question 11

How many types of hormone are their

Answer 11

2

Question 12

What are the 2 types of hormone

Answer 12

peptide hormone and steroid hormones

Question 13

Describe peptide hormones

Answer 13

They are made out of amino acids joined to form a protein

Question 14

Describe steroid hormones

Answer 14

Formed from lipids

Question 15

Describe the solubility of peptide hormones in cell surface membrane and how it effects them

Answer 15

They are insoluble in the cell surface membrane so cannot enter cells

Question 16

What is the only way peptide hormones can influence target cells

Answer 16

By binding to receptors on target cell surface

Question 17

What does the binding of the peptide hormone to the receptor on target cell cause

Answer 17

Causes the release of molecules inside the cell which carry out an effect

Question 18

Describe the solubility of steroid hormones in cell surface membrane and how it effects them

Answer 18

Steroid hormones are soluble in the cell-surface membrane so can enter cells as it is hydrophobic like the phospholipid tails

Question 19

What do steroid hormones do when they get in the cell

Answer 19

They bind to proteins and enter the nucleus, where they have an effect on DNA

Question 20

What do we call the first messenger

Answer 20

The peptide hormone that binds to the receptors on the target cell

Question 21

What does binding of the peptide hormone with the receptor cause

Answer 21

Causes the release of a chemical inside the cell (second messenger)

Question 22

Define the second messenger

Answer 22

A signalling molecule inside a cell that stimulates a change in the activity of the cell

Question 23

What does the second messenger do

Answer 23

Carries about changes inside the cell by changing enzymes and protein channels