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Microbiology > Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Transcription and Translation Flashcards

Lecture 14

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bind polymerizing machine, first monomer to template DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribosome

A

Initiation

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2
Q

Elongation

A

Read template, add next monomer DNA, RNA, Protein

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3
Q

Termination

A

Release machinery and completed product

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4
Q

Product of DNA replication

A

DNA

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5
Q

Product of DNA trascription

A

mRNA

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6
Q

All nucleotides are built ___ to ___.

A

5’ -> 3’

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7
Q

Product of mRNA translation

A

Protein

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8
Q

Enzyme in replication

A

DNA polymerase III

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9
Q

Enzyme in transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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10
Q

Enzyme in translation

A

Ribosome

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11
Q

Start and end of replication

A

start: oriC
end: Ter

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12
Q

Start and end of transcription

A

start: promotor
end: terminator

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13
Q

Start and end of translation

A

start: Shine Dalgarno
end: stop codon

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14
Q

DNA binds to _____ factor in the polymerase, which touches the ____.

A

sigma (σ), promoter

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15
Q

Turing transcriptin, only the _____ strand is read

A

leading

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16
Q

What is the stop factor in transcription?

A

Rho-dependent termination

Rho (ρ) factor

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17
Q

Groups of coordinatly regulated genes

A

operons

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18
Q

Moncistronic

A

slide 12, watch vid to define

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19
Q

messanger codes for peptides

A

mRNA

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20
Q

ribosomal structure and function

A

rRNA

21
Q

transfers amino acids into ribosme

A

tRNA

22
Q

small nuclear (splicing of message)

A

snRNA

23
Q

microRNAs (regulate expression)

A

miRNA

24
Q

a prokaryotic “immune system”

A

CRISPR

25
Q

The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets called _____.

A

codons

26
Q

There are 61 ___ codons and 3 ____ codons

A

61 start codons, 3 stop codons

27
Q

Genetic code is not defined by DNA, but by ____

A

tRNA

28
Q

Transation is done on the _____

A

Ribosome

29
Q

This ribosme active site binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA

A

A (acceptor) site

30
Q

This ribosme active site harbors the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain

A

P (peptidyl-tRNA) site

31
Q

This ribosme active site binds a tRNA recently stripped of its polypeptide

A

E (exit) site

32
Q

Transcription creates ____

A

mRNA

33
Q

Can multiple mRNAs be made from a single gene?

A

Yes

33
Q

Ribosomes bind ____ while it is still being created

A

mRNA

34
Q

Can Eukaryotes couple transcription and translation?

A

NO! The DNA is in the nucleus and the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

35
Q

In Eukaryotic RNA splicing, there are ____ and ____, and no ______.

A

Interons, exons, no operons

36
Q

These are the coding regions of a gene that are translated into proteins in eukaryotes

A

Exons

37
Q

These are the non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during splicing in eukaryotes

A

Interons

38
Q

The poly(A) tail is found on the ___ end after the stop.

A

3’ end

39
Q

What are three examples of post-translated protein modification?

A
  • phosphorylation
  • methylation
  • Adenylation
40
Q

While proteins can often fold themselves, what can be used to help protein fold under stress like high temperature?

A

Protein chaperones

41
Q

How do proteins get to their target sites after being produced?

A

Use a signal sequence that target tranport

42
Q

Type II Protein Secretion
Signal sequence: ___ ___ ___ bound by _____. Targets ribosome to ____ complex.

A

N-terminal amino acids, SecB, SecA

43
Q

_______ degrade proteins

A

Proteasomes

44
Q

Eukaryotes add signals to proteins for degradation. The _____ tag causes degredation.

A

Ubiquitin

45
Q

What protein in RNA polymerase contacts the start site for transcription?

A

sigma

46
Q

Where would you find an anti-codon?

A

tRNA

47
Q

What type of microbe would have coupled transcription and translation?

A

archaea

48
Q
A

Microbiology (21 decks)

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