Transcription and Translation

Question 1

Bind polymerizing machine, first monomer to template DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribosome

Answer 1

Initiation

Question 2

Elongation

Answer 2

Read template, add next monomer DNA, RNA, Protein

Question 3

Termination

Answer 3

Release machinery and completed product

Question 4

Product of DNA replication

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

Product of DNA trascription

Answer 5

mRNA

Question 6

All nucleotides are built ___ to ___.

Answer 6

5’ -> 3’

Question 7

Product of mRNA translation

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

Enzyme in replication

Answer 8

DNA polymerase III

Question 9

Enzyme in transcription

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

Enzyme in translation

Answer 10

Ribosome

Question 11

Start and end of replication

Answer 11

start: oriC
end: Ter

Question 12

Start and end of transcription

Answer 12

start: promotor
end: terminator

Question 13

Start and end of translation

Answer 13

start: Shine Dalgarno
end: stop codon

Question 14

DNA binds to _____ factor in the polymerase, which touches the ____.

Answer 14

sigma (σ), promoter

Question 15

Turing transcriptin, only the _____ strand is read

Answer 15

leading

Question 16

What is the stop factor in transcription?

Answer 16

Rho-dependent termination

Rho (ρ) factor

Question 17

Groups of coordinatly regulated genes

Answer 17

operons

Question 18

Moncistronic

Answer 18

slide 12, watch vid to define

Question 19

messanger codes for peptides

Answer 19

mRNA

Question 20

ribosomal structure and function

Answer 20

rRNA

Question 21

transfers amino acids into ribosme

Answer 21

tRNA

Question 22

small nuclear (splicing of message)

Answer 22

snRNA

Question 23

microRNAs (regulate expression)

Answer 23

miRNA

Question 24

a prokaryotic “immune system”

Answer 24

CRISPR

Question 25

The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets called _____.

Answer 25

codons

Question 26

There are 61 ___ codons and 3 ____ codons

Answer 26

61 start codons, 3 stop codons

Question 27

Genetic code is not defined by DNA, but by ____

Answer 27

tRNA

Question 28

Transation is done on the _____

Answer 28

Ribosome

Question 29

This ribosme active site binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA

Answer 29

A (acceptor) site

Question 30

This ribosme active site harbors the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain

Answer 30

P (peptidyl-tRNA) site

Question 31

This ribosme active site binds a tRNA recently stripped of its polypeptide

Answer 31

E (exit) site

Question 32

Transcription creates ____

Answer 32

mRNA

Question 33

Can multiple mRNAs be made from a single gene?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 33

Ribosomes bind ____ while it is still being created

Answer 33

mRNA

Question 34

Can Eukaryotes couple transcription and translation?

Answer 34

NO! The DNA is in the nucleus and the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 35

In Eukaryotic RNA splicing, there are ____ and ____, and no ______.

Answer 35

Interons, exons, no operons

Question 36

These are the coding regions of a gene that are translated into proteins in eukaryotes

Answer 36

Exons

Question 37

These are the non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during splicing in eukaryotes

Answer 37

Interons

Question 38

The poly(A) tail is found on the ___ end after the stop.

Answer 38

3' end

Question 39

What are three examples of post-translated protein modification?

Answer 39

- phosphorylation - methylation - Adenylation

Question 40

While proteins can often fold themselves, what can be used to help protein fold under stress like high temperature?

Answer 40

Protein chaperones

Question 41

How do proteins get to their target sites after being produced?

Answer 41

Use a signal sequence that target tranport

Question 42

Type II Protein Secretion Signal sequence: ___ ___ ___ bound by _____. Targets ribosome to ____ complex.

Answer 42

N-terminal amino acids, SecB, SecA

Question 43

_______ degrade proteins

Answer 43

Proteasomes

Question 44

Eukaryotes add signals to proteins for degradation. The _____ tag causes degredation.

Answer 44

Ubiquitin

Question 45

What protein in RNA polymerase contacts the start site for transcription?

Answer 45

sigma

Question 46

Where would you find an anti-codon?

Answer 46

tRNA

Question 47

What type of microbe would have coupled transcription and translation?

Answer 47

archaea