Transcription and Translation Flashcards
Lecture 14
Bind polymerizing machine, first monomer to template DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribosome
Initiation
Elongation
Read template, add next monomer DNA, RNA, Protein
Termination
Release machinery and completed product
Product of DNA replication
DNA
Product of DNA trascription
mRNA
All nucleotides are built ___ to ___.
5’ -> 3’
Product of mRNA translation
Protein
Enzyme in replication
DNA polymerase III
Enzyme in transcription
RNA polymerase
Enzyme in translation
Ribosome
Start and end of replication
start: oriC
end: Ter
Start and end of transcription
start: promotor
end: terminator
Start and end of translation
start: Shine Dalgarno
end: stop codon
DNA binds to _____ factor in the polymerase, which touches the ____.
sigma (σ), promoter
Turing transcriptin, only the _____ strand is read
leading
What is the stop factor in transcription?
Rho-dependent termination
Rho (ρ) factor
Groups of coordinatly regulated genes
operons
Moncistronic
slide 12, watch vid to define
messanger codes for peptides
mRNA
ribosomal structure and function
rRNA
transfers amino acids into ribosme
tRNA
small nuclear (splicing of message)
snRNA
microRNAs (regulate expression)
miRNA
a prokaryotic “immune system”
CRISPR
The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets called _____.
codons
There are 61 ___ codons and 3 ____ codons
61 start codons, 3 stop codons
Genetic code is not defined by DNA, but by ____
tRNA
Transation is done on the _____
Ribosome
This ribosme active site binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
A (acceptor) site
This ribosme active site harbors the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain
P (peptidyl-tRNA) site
This ribosme active site binds a tRNA recently stripped of its polypeptide
E (exit) site
Transcription creates ____
mRNA
Can multiple mRNAs be made from a single gene?
Yes
Ribosomes bind ____ while it is still being created
mRNA
Can Eukaryotes couple transcription and translation?
NO! The DNA is in the nucleus and the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
In Eukaryotic RNA splicing, there are ____ and ____, and no ______.
Interons, exons, no operons
These are the coding regions of a gene that are translated into proteins in eukaryotes
Exons
These are the non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during splicing in eukaryotes
Interons
The poly(A) tail is found on the ___ end after the stop.
3’ end
What are three examples of post-translated protein modification?
- phosphorylation
- methylation
- Adenylation
While proteins can often fold themselves, what can be used to help protein fold under stress like high temperature?
Protein chaperones
How do proteins get to their target sites after being produced?
Use a signal sequence that target tranport
Type II Protein Secretion
Signal sequence: ___ ___ ___ bound by _____. Targets ribosome to ____ complex.
N-terminal amino acids, SecB, SecA
_______ degrade proteins
Proteasomes
Eukaryotes add signals to proteins for degradation. The _____ tag causes degredation.
Ubiquitin
What protein in RNA polymerase contacts the start site for transcription?
sigma
Where would you find an anti-codon?
tRNA
What type of microbe would have coupled transcription and translation?
archaea
