Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define Microbiology
The study of entities too small to be seen with the naked eye
What are the three groups of microorganisms
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
What are listed under the gruop Prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea
What are listed under the group Eukaryptes
Fungi
algae
protozoa
helminths
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
- metabolism
- reproduction
- differentiation
- communication
- locomotion
- evolution
Describe metabolism
enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions
Describe reproduciton
Progeny formed sexually of asexually
Describe differentiation
Different cell sypes can occur
Describe communication
Signaling within and between cells
Describe locomotion
relative movement of cell or organism
What are the 4 importance of microbes?
- earliest organisms found on fossil record
- perform essential reactions in environment
- can be harnessed to work for us
- sometimes cause infectious diseases
Describe evolution
genetic change over time
Microbes in evolutionary biology
- thought to first appear 3.5 bya
- only life for 1.5 by
Microbes in environmental biology
- microbial photosynthesis makes most of atmospheric oxygen on earth
- cycle important elements
- decomposition of organisms
Microbes in industrial microbiology and food microbiology
- make or preserve food (cheese)
- produce important compounds (antibiotics)
Microbes in recombinant biol, moleculat biol, and agricultural biol
- altered to make producs or modify organisms
What does bacteriology study?
prokaryotes
What does mycology study?
fungi
What does phycology study?
algae
What does protozoology study?
protozoa
What does virology study?
viruses
What does immunology study?
immune system
What does parasitology study?
parasites and hosts
Who coined the word cell?
Hooke
Who was the first to see and describe microbes?
Leeuwenhoek
What pholosopher believed in abiogenesis?
Aristotle
Who disproved spontaneous gen. with the dish meat experiment?
Redi
Who discovered microbe contamination can come from dust from the hay infusion experiment?
Joblot
Who argued for abiogenesis from their broth experiment? What was wrong with the experiment?
Needham, the flasks he poured the steril solution into were contaminated
Who also conducted the broth experiment and found a flaw with the orgional experiment, thus proving biogenesis? What did he do differently?
Spallanzani, he did not pour the solution into a new flask
What duo treated incoming gas with heat and chemicals to prove oxygen was not what contamined things?
Schulze and Schwann
Who used swan-necked flasks to prove microbes came from dust and not air?
Pasteur
Who described heat-resistant microbes from hay infusions and ised discontinuous heating to sterilze? What were these microbes?
Tyndall, endospores
Who discovered and described endospored in soil?
Cohn
Who observed puerperal fever and published finding on how to reduce transmission before germ theory?
Holmes
Who observed differences in puerperal fever outbreak between wards? What did he mandate from then?
Semmelweiss, handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions
Who tracked an outbreak to drinking water? What outbreak occurred?
Snow, Cholera
Who began germ theory after trying to prevent souring of wine?
Pasteur
What surgeon applied germ theory in his practice? What did he use to clean?
Lister, carbolic acid (phenol)
List Koch’s postulates.
- presence in disease
- isolation
- infection
- reisolation
Saying to remember taxonomy order.
Keep
Pond
Clean
Or
Fish
Get
Sick
5 Kingdom model author and list
Whittaker
1. animals
2. plants
3. fungi (microbes)
4. protists (microbes)
5. monera (microbes)
Current phylogeny list
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
