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Microbiology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Microbiology

A

The study of entities too small to be seen with the naked eye

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2
Q

What are the three groups of microorganisms

A

Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses

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3
Q

What are listed under the gruop Prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and archaea

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4
Q

What are listed under the group Eukaryptes

A

Fungi
algae
protozoa
helminths

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A
  1. metabolism
  2. reproduction
  3. differentiation
  4. communication
  5. locomotion
  6. evolution
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6
Q

Describe metabolism

A

enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions

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7
Q

Describe reproduciton

A

Progeny formed sexually of asexually

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8
Q

Describe differentiation

A

Different cell sypes can occur

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9
Q

Describe communication

A

Signaling within and between cells

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10
Q

Describe locomotion

A

relative movement of cell or organism

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11
Q

What are the 4 importance of microbes?

A
  1. earliest organisms found on fossil record
  2. perform essential reactions in environment
  3. can be harnessed to work for us
  4. sometimes cause infectious diseases
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12
Q

Describe evolution

A

genetic change over time

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13
Q

Microbes in evolutionary biology

A
  • thought to first appear 3.5 bya
  • only life for 1.5 by
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14
Q

Microbes in environmental biology

A
  • microbial photosynthesis makes most of atmospheric oxygen on earth
  • cycle important elements
  • decomposition of organisms
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15
Q

Microbes in industrial microbiology and food microbiology

A
  • make or preserve food (cheese)
  • produce important compounds (antibiotics)
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16
Q

Microbes in recombinant biol, moleculat biol, and agricultural biol

A
  • altered to make producs or modify organisms
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17
Q

What does bacteriology study?

A

prokaryotes

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18
Q

What does mycology study?

A

fungi

19
Q

What does phycology study?

A

algae

20
Q

What does protozoology study?

A

protozoa

21
Q

What does virology study?

A

viruses

22
Q

What does immunology study?

A

immune system

23
Q

What does parasitology study?

A

parasites and hosts

24
Q

Who coined the word cell?

A

Hooke

25
Q

Who was the first to see and describe microbes?

A

Leeuwenhoek

26
Q

What pholosopher believed in abiogenesis?

A

Aristotle

27
Q

Who disproved spontaneous gen. with the dish meat experiment?

A

Redi

28
Q

Who discovered microbe contamination can come from dust from the hay infusion experiment?

A

Joblot

29
Q

Who argued for abiogenesis from their broth experiment? What was wrong with the experiment?

A

Needham, the flasks he poured the steril solution into were contaminated

30
Q

Who also conducted the broth experiment and found a flaw with the orgional experiment, thus proving biogenesis? What did he do differently?

A

Spallanzani, he did not pour the solution into a new flask

31
Q

What duo treated incoming gas with heat and chemicals to prove oxygen was not what contamined things?

A

Schulze and Schwann

32
Q

Who used swan-necked flasks to prove microbes came from dust and not air?

A

Pasteur

33
Q

Who described heat-resistant microbes from hay infusions and ised discontinuous heating to sterilze? What were these microbes?

A

Tyndall, endospores

34
Q

Who discovered and described endospored in soil?

A

Cohn

35
Q

Who observed puerperal fever and published finding on how to reduce transmission before germ theory?

A

Holmes

36
Q

Who observed differences in puerperal fever outbreak between wards? What did he mandate from then?

A

Semmelweiss, handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions

37
Q

Who tracked an outbreak to drinking water? What outbreak occurred?

A

Snow, Cholera

38
Q

Who began germ theory after trying to prevent souring of wine?

A

Pasteur

39
Q

What surgeon applied germ theory in his practice? What did he use to clean?

A

Lister, carbolic acid (phenol)

40
Q

List Koch’s postulates.

A
  1. presence in disease
  2. isolation
  3. infection
  4. reisolation
41
Q

Saying to remember taxonomy order.

A

Keep
Pond
Clean
Or
Fish
Get
Sick

42
Q

5 Kingdom model author and list

A

Whittaker
1. animals
2. plants
3. fungi (microbes)
4. protists (microbes)
5. monera (microbes)

43
Q

Current phylogeny list

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya

Microbiology (10 decks)

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