EXAM 2

Question 1

Which group is responsible for most of the CH4 found on earth?

Answer 1

Eurarchaeota

Question 2

Which process is not carried out by members of excavata?

Answer 2

aerobic respiration

Question 3

if you attempted the Hershey chase experiment on the influenza virus and human tissue cells, what would happen?

Answer 3

both P32 and S35 enter cell

Question 4

what process do prokaryotes and bacteria use to multiply?

Answer 4

binary fission

Question 5

what term refers to a microbe that uses H2S as an electron source and CO2 as a carbon source?

Answer 5

lithoautotroph

Question 6

What type of nutrient transport requires both protein carrier and ATP?

Answer 6

ABC transport

Question 7

at what stage of endospore formation does the cortex form?

Answer 7

stage IV

Question 8

what did cyanobacteria likely obtain from purple sulfur bacteria?

Answer 8

photosystem II

Question 9

what is the correct arrangement of compounds from best electron donor to best electron acceptor?

Answer 9

glucose, NAD, nitrite nitrate, oxygen

Question 10

what refers to the extraction of metals like copper from low quality ores?

Answer 10

leaching

Question 11

what refers to mad made chemicals like pesticides?

Answer 11

xenobiotic

Question 12

what is the purpose of primary wastewater treatment?

Answer 12

to remove large solids

Question 13

why does Big Rapids add FeCl2 to our wastewater?

Answer 13

to reduce phosphorous levels

Question 14

aerobic digestion at our wastewater is an example of what kind of treatment?

Answer 14

• Remove suspended solids
• To reduce phosphorous levels

Question 15

aerobic digestion at our wastewater is an example of what kind of treatment?

Answer 15

secondary

Question 16

the purpose of secondary wastewater treatment

Answer 16

reduce eutrophication

Question 17

in chlorination of drinking water, chlorine is acting as what?

Answer 17

a disinfectant

Question 18

arrange soil strata from uppermost to deepest

Answer 18

O horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon

Question 19

what term refers to the complete elimination of all microbial cells and spores from an area?

Answer 19

sterilization

Question 20

what is true for glycolysis, entner doudoroff, and the krebs cycle?

Answer 20

they all perform substrate level phosphorylation

Question 21

how many CO2 are produced from one glucose molecule via the krebs cycle?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

what compound can only carry electrons?

Answer 22

NAD

Question 23

under ideal growth conditions, E coli tries to create the largest electrochemical gradient that it can. What combination would best meet that goal?

Answer 23

NDH1 and cytochrome bo

Question 24

what enzyme serves to interconvert membrane potential and chemical energy in a cell?

Answer 24

ATPase

Question 25

what type of reaction is this?
U6+ -> U4+

Answer 25

reduction

Question 26

which type of microbe must perform reverse electron transport?

Answer 26

purple sulfur bacteria

Question 27

Conversion of nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2)

Answer 27

denitrification

Question 28

conversion of ammonium to nitrate

Answer 28

nitrification

Question 29

Attaching H to N

Answer 29

nitrogen fixation

Question 30

what is the final step to wastewater treatment before release into groundwater supplies?

Answer 30

disinfection to reduce pathogen levels

Question 31

what term refers to methane-hydrate fueled ocean ecosystems?

Answer 31

cold seeps

Question 32

when compared to the hypolimnion, which of these is most true of the epilimnion?

Answer 32

warmer with higher oxygen and lower hydrogen sulfide

Question 33

what supply methanogens with necessary substrates

Answer 33

syntrophs

Question 34

what is typically found between the hypolimnion and epilimnion?

Answer 34

thermocline

Question 35

which groups of microbes is most numerous?

Answer 35

proteobacteria

Question 36

how are most of our plastic Petri dishes sterilized in the manufacturing facility?

Answer 36

ethylene oxide

Question 37

the lowest temp to kill all cells in a container is called the what?

Answer 37

thermal death point

Question 38

what method would be the fastest way to sterilize a metal scalpel?

Answer 38

incineration

Question 39

what is the most common type of pasteurization used in the united states?

Answer 39

high temp, short time

Question 40

what would be the best way to eliminate airborne bacteria but not viruses?

Answer 40

HEPA filter

Question 41

which of the following compounds tends to be most toxic to humans?

antibiotics
antiseptics
disinfectants
chemotherapeutics

Answer 41

disinfectants

Question 42

microbes that can grow in stone

Answer 42

endolithic

Question 43

destruction of sewer pipes by microbial consortia

Answer 43

biodeterioration

Question 44

in an aquatic environment, which of these pairs of metal ions are most soluble?

Answer 44

Fe2+ and Mn2+

Question 44

what is the largest carbon AND sulfur reservoir on earth?

Answer 44

sediments and rocks

Question 45

what represents the most significant reservoir of sulfur (as sulfate) in the biosphere?

Answer 45

oceans

Question 46

what is the most rapidly transferred carbon reservoir?

Answer 46

atmospheric

Question 47

List the zones of the ocean in order from top to bottom

Answer 47

euphotic zone
disphotic zone
aphotic zone

Question 48

2 major products of decomposition?

Answer 48

methane and carbon dioxide

Question 49

what refers to release of excess nitrate into surface water?

Answer 49

eutrophication

Question 50

what enzyme do bacteria use to perform N2 -> NH4+

Answer 50

nitrogenase

Question 51

which chemical reaction is performed by Nitrobacter?

Answer 51

NO2- -> NO3-

Question 52

which chemical reaction is performed by Nitrosomas?

Answer 52

NH4+ to NO2 -