EXAM 2 Flashcards
Which group is responsible for most of the CH4 found on earth?
Eurarchaeota
Which process is not carried out by members of excavata?
aerobic respiration
if you attempted the Hershey chase experiment on the influenza virus and human tissue cells, what would happen?
both P32 and S35 enter cell
what process do prokaryotes and bacteria use to multiply?
binary fission
what term refers to a microbe that uses H2S as an electron source and CO2 as a carbon source?
lithoautotroph
What type of nutrient transport requires both protein carrier and ATP?
ABC transport
at what stage of endospore formation does the cortex form?
stage IV
what did cyanobacteria likely obtain from purple sulfur bacteria?
photosystem II
what is the correct arrangement of compounds from best electron donor to best electron acceptor?
glucose, NAD, nitrite nitrate, oxygen
what refers to the extraction of metals like copper from low quality ores?
leaching
what refers to mad made chemicals like pesticides?
xenobiotic
what is the purpose of primary wastewater treatment?
to remove large solids
why does Big Rapids add FeCl2 to our wastewater?
to reduce phosphorous levels
aerobic digestion at our wastewater is an example of what kind of treatment?
- Remove suspended solids
- To reduce phosphorous levels
aerobic digestion at our wastewater is an example of what kind of treatment?
secondary
the purpose of secondary wastewater treatment
reduce eutrophication
in chlorination of drinking water, chlorine is acting as what?
a disinfectant
arrange soil strata from uppermost to deepest
O horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
what term refers to the complete elimination of all microbial cells and spores from an area?
sterilization
what is true for glycolysis, entner doudoroff, and the krebs cycle?
they all perform substrate level phosphorylation
how many CO2 are produced from one glucose molecule via the krebs cycle?
4
what compound can only carry electrons?
NAD
under ideal growth conditions, E coli tries to create the largest electrochemical gradient that it can. What combination would best meet that goal?
NDH1 and cytochrome bo
what enzyme serves to interconvert membrane potential and chemical energy in a cell?
ATPase
what type of reaction is this?
U6+ -> U4+
reduction
which type of microbe must perform reverse electron transport?
purple sulfur bacteria
Conversion of nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2)
denitrification
conversion of ammonium to nitrate
nitrification
Attaching H to N
nitrogen fixation
what is the final step to wastewater treatment before release into groundwater supplies?
disinfection to reduce pathogen levels
what term refers to methane-hydrate fueled ocean ecosystems?
cold seeps
when compared to the hypolimnion, which of these is most true of the epilimnion?
warmer with higher oxygen and lower hydrogen sulfide
what supply methanogens with necessary substrates
syntrophs
what is typically found between the hypolimnion and epilimnion?
thermocline
which groups of microbes is most numerous?
proteobacteria
how are most of our plastic Petri dishes sterilized in the manufacturing facility?
ethylene oxide
the lowest temp to kill all cells in a container is called the what?
thermal death point
what method would be the fastest way to sterilize a metal scalpel?
incineration
what is the most common type of pasteurization used in the united states?
high temp, short time
what would be the best way to eliminate airborne bacteria but not viruses?
HEPA filter
which of the following compounds tends to be most toxic to humans?
antibiotics
antiseptics
disinfectants
chemotherapeutics
disinfectants
microbes that can grow in stone
endolithic
destruction of sewer pipes by microbial consortia
biodeterioration
in an aquatic environment, which of these pairs of metal ions are most soluble?
Fe2+ and Mn2+
what is the largest carbon AND sulfur reservoir on earth?
sediments and rocks
what represents the most significant reservoir of sulfur (as sulfate) in the biosphere?
oceans
what is the most rapidly transferred carbon reservoir?
atmospheric
List the zones of the ocean in order from top to bottom
euphotic zone
disphotic zone
aphotic zone
2 major products of decomposition?
methane and carbon dioxide
what refers to release of excess nitrate into surface water?
eutrophication
what enzyme do bacteria use to perform N2 -> NH4+
nitrogenase
which chemical reaction is performed by Nitrobacter?
NO2- -> NO3-
which chemical reaction is performed by Nitrosomas?
NH4+ to NO2 -
