18 Flashcards
What kind of element has both a ssRNA and ssDNA in its structure?
Retron
What type of genetic element has a captured intervening gene from the host genome?
Composite transposon
Which of these elements is most numerous in our genome?
SINE
What class of virus uses an mRNA for its genome?
IV
What class of virus uses reverse transcriptase to replicate?
VII
Approximately how much of the human genome is made of mobile genetic elements?
50%
Where do most RNA viruse replicate and assemble in a cell?
cytoplasm
What process does influenza virus use when in recombines gene fragments during infection?
Genetic shift
What enzyme is used to mobilize insertion sequences in bacteria?
Transposase
The four parts of mobilome
- self-splicing RNA
- Transposons
- Plasmids
- viruses
Self-splicing RNA are ____ genetic elements
enzymatic
Transponsons are ___ genetic elements
mobile
plasmids are ___ genetic elements
autonomous
Viruses are ____ genetic elements
infectious
Approximately how much of the wheat genome is made of mobile genetic elements?
90%
Approximately how much of the E. coli genome is made of mobile genetic elements?
2%
Group II Interons
large ribosomes
self-splicing
Kinds of transposable elements
- DNA transposons
- retrotransposons
Types of transponons
composite and complex
Genomic islands
- pathogenicity islands
- symbiosis islands
- fitness islands
SINE
- short interspersed elements
- 1,500,000 in human genome
- alu sequences
- composite SINES
LINE
long tinerspersed elements
500,000 in human genome
LTR
long terminal repeats
similar to retroviruses
lack envelope proteins
Baltimore class viruses
I. Herpes (dsDNA)
II. Parvo (ssDNA)
III. EDHV (dsRNA)
IV. Polio (+ssRNA)
V. Influenza (-ssRNA)
VI. HIV (reverse transcriptase)
VII. Hep B. (DNA pararetroviruses)
antigenic drift
Mistakes made during infection season that cahnge the shape of the protein so anitbodies do not work anymore
Antigenic shift
Two different flu viruses can mix to make a new combination
