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Microbiology > 13 > Flashcards

13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Meischer

A

Nuclein

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2
Q

Griffith

A

Transformation

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3
Q

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

A

Transformation

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4
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

Blender experiment

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5
Q

Chargaff

A

There are as mnay As as Ts and as many Cs as Gs

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6
Q

Base
Sugar

A

Nucleosides

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7
Q

Base
Sugar
Phosphatee

A

Nucleotides

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8
Q

What direction do nucleotides go?

A

5’ to 3’

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9
Q

How are the nucleotides numbered?

A

Base: numbers
Sugar: number ‘ (prime)

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10
Q

What is attached to 1’?

A

The base

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11
Q

What is attatched to the 5’?

A

Deoxyphosphate

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12
Q

What is attatched to the 3’?

A

A hydroxyl group

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13
Q

What is significant about 2’?

A

2’ is either oxygenated or deoxygenated. If there is no oxygen, it is deoxyribose and is for DNA. If there is an oxygen, then it is ribose and is for RNA

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14
Q

Are purines or pyrimidines bigger?

A

purines are larger

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15
Q

A and G

A

purines

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16
Q

C, U, and T

A

pyrimidines

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17
Q

How any hydrogen bonds to AT and GC make?

A

AT = 2
CG = 3

18
Q

Where does DNA replication begin?

A

oriC

19
Q

What enzyme performs most of the DNA synthesis during replication?

A

DNA plymerase III

20
Q

After two round of replication in light nitrogen, Meselson and Stahl observed what forms of DNA?

A

Intermediate and light

21
Q

After one round of replication in light nitrogen, Meselson and Stahl observed what forms of DNA?

A

Intermediate

22
Q

After three rounds of replication in light nitrogen, Meselson and Stahl observed what forms of DNA?

A

Intermediate and light (more light than intermediate)

23
Q

Genome

A

the complete DNA sequence

24
Q

Genotype

A

specific DNA sequence

25
Q

Phenotype

A

Appearance/behavior

26
Q

Prokaryotes are ____ and ____ (mostly)

A

circulat and haploid

27
Q

positive supercoiles, ___ winding

A

over winding

28
Q

negative supercoils, ___ winding

A

under winding (easier to open)

29
Q

Loader places ___ at each end of origin

A

helicase

30
Q

___ ____ needs a free 3’OH

A

DNA polymerase

31
Q

___ begins replication

A

Primase

32
Q

____ strand follows helicase

A

leading

33
Q

Gaps filled in by DNA Plymerase ____

A

DNA polymerase I

34
Q

___ seals nicks

A

ligase

35
Q

DNA polymerase __ is involved with repair

A

DNA polymerase II

36
Q

____ are actually stationary

A

replisomes

37
Q

Extrachromosomal pieces of DNA

A

plasmids

38
Q

____ plasmids have one or two copies per cell

A

low-copy-number plasmids

39
Q

___ plasmids have up to 500 copies per cell.

A

high-copy-number plasmids

40
Q

Low-copy-number plasmid example

A

f plasmid of e. coli
pbr22

41
Q

Plasid replication stating at nick bound by RepA protein

A

unidirectional

42
Q

Plasmid gene examples

A
  • antibiotic resistance
  • encoding poteins to metabolize rare food sources
  • Virulence genes to allow pathogenesis
  • allow symbiosis

Microbiology (21 decks)

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