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Microbiology > Microbial Cell Structure > Flashcards

Microbial Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to ditinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another.

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1
Q

What is refraction?

A

Passage through lens material bends light.

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2
Q

Do short or long wavelengths provide better resolution?

A

Short

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3
Q

What color gives the best resolution?

A

Violet

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4
Q

What are ball shape bacteria called?

A

Coccus

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5
Q

What are stick shape bacteria called?

A

Bacillus

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6
Q

What is a chain of cocci called?

A

Streptococci

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7
Q

What is a chain of bacilli called?

A

Streptobacilli

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8
Q

What is a cluster of cocci called?

A

Staphylococci

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9
Q

Why can bacilli never form staphylo (cluster)?

A

They divide (|) not (–) so they cannot attatch in that way.

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10
Q

What is the advantage of being small?

A

More surface area relative to cell volume. This allows faster growth and better exchange

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11
Q

The structure that defines the existence of a cell is the _____.

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

Cemm membranes have approximately equal parts of _____ and ____.

A

phospholipids, proteins

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13
Q

What makes up a phospholipid?

A

Glycerol with ester links to two fatty acids and a phosphoryl head group.

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14
Q

Membrane protein functions:

A
  • structural support
  • secretion of virulence factors
  • transmission of communication signals
  • ion transport and energy storage
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15
Q

The cell mambrane acts as a _______ barrier.

A

semi-permeable

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16
Q

_______ transport is essential for survival.

A

selective

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17
Q

Small uncharged molecules such as O2 and CO2 easily permeate the membrane by _____.

A

diffusion

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18
Q

How does water diffuse across the membrane?

A

osmosis (moves to where more stuff is dissolves in water)

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19
Q

Most bacteria are _____, drawing water ____, making them _____.

A

hypertonic, in, swell.

20
Q

What heppens with weak acids change the pH of a cell?

A

It allows some compounds to cross the membrane that could not before.

21
Q

Molecules move along their concentration gradient.

A

Passive transport

22
Q

Molecules move against their concentration gradient.

A

Active transport

23
Q

Does passive or active transport require energy?

A

Active transport

24
Q

Saturated fats are _____ at room temp.

A

solid

25
Q

Unsaturated fats usually have ___ bonds and are ____ at room temp.

A

cis, oil

26
Q

Bacteria adapt to the temp of their environemnt by becoming less saturated when temp _____.

A

decreases

27
Q

In eukaryotic membranes, the reinforcing agents
are _____ , such as cholesterol and ergosterol.

A

sterols

28
Q

Bacteria do not use sterols, but use ____ or _____ for the same function.

A

Hopanoids or hopanes

29
Q

T/F: The nucleoid has a nuclear membrane.

A

False

30
Q

Nucleoids are

A

haploid

31
Q

What is the total size of prokaryote ribosomes?

A

70S (two subunits, 30S and 50S)

32
Q

Extensively folded intracellular
membranes

A

Thylakoids

33
Q

Polyhedral bodies packed with
the enzyme Rubisco for CO2 fixation

A

Carboxysomes

34
Q

What is used to increase buoyancy?

A

gas vesicles

35
Q

What are the kind of storage granules?

A
  • glycogen, PHB (for energy)
  • sulfur (for oxidation)
  • volutin (phosphate)
36
Q

FtsZ

A

Forms a Z ring for septum placement (pinch off point for cytokinisis

37
Q

MreB

A

Forms a coil inside rid shaped cells, keeps the rod shape

38
Q

CreS

A

Forms a polymer along the inner side of crescent-shaped bacteria, creates the bent chape

39
Q

The cell wall conifers ____ and _____ to the cell, and helps it ____________.

A

shape, rigidity, withstand turgot pressure

40
Q

Most bacterial cell walls are made up of _____.

A

peptidoglycan (or murein)

41
Q

What does peptidoglycan consist of?

A

NAG- NAM - peptide (4-6 aa)

42
Q

The peptides of peptidoglycan form ________ connecting the parallel glycan strands.

A

cross-bridges

43
Q

Gram prositive cells have

A

lipoteichoic acid linked to lipids, act to anchor the wall to membrane

44
Q

Thick cell wall are gram ______ and think cell walls are gram ______.

A

thick = +
thin = -

45
Q

Mycobacterial cell envolopes include unisual membrane lipids (______) and ususual sugars (______).

A

mycolic acids, arabinogalactans

46
Q

Gram positive have ___ membrane(s) while gram negative have ____ membrane(s)

A

one, two

47
Q

The ___ _________ _____ consists of one or two sheets in gram negative bacteria.

A

thin peptidoglycan layer

48
Q
A

Microbiology (10 decks)

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