Lecture 3 Flashcards
The three parts of Woese’s Tree
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
Bacteria and Archaea are _____.
prokaryotes
Pathogenic gram-positive bacteria.
- staphylococcus
- streptococcus
- listeria
Lactobacillales key genera
Lactobacillus, streptococcus
Nonsporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales key genera
-listeria
- staphylococcus
What distinguishes staphylococcus and streptococcus?
Staphylococcus is catalase-positive
Staphylococcus is _____ to drying.
tolerant
Sporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales key genera.
Bacillus, clostridium
Clostridium forms the toxins …
- tetanus
- botox
- gangrene
Bacillus forms the toxins …
Anthrat, Bt
Clostridium smell bad because …
They are anerobic, and ferment sugars in the absense of oxygen.
Some clostridium are pathogenic, causing…
- botulism
- tetanus
- gangrene
Tenericutes key genera
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasmas lack ______.
Peptodiglycan
Actinobacteria key genera
Corynebacterium
Actinobacteria are mostly harmless with the exception of ____.
mycobacterium
Gram-positive Actinobacteria have ____-____ cell walls
Acid-fast
Actinobacteria aerial mycelia carry _________.
anthrospores
Streptomyces is a gram-_____ ___________.
Gram-positive Actinobacteria
What is the largest group of culture forming bacteria?
Gram-negative proteobacteria
Phizobium, Agrobacterium, and Rickettsias are all ___ proteobacteria
alpha
Nitrosomonas and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are ___ proteobacteria
beta
What beta proteobacteria is used in wastewater treatment?
Nitrosomonas
Escherichia coli are ____ ____ proteobacteria.
Enteric Gamma
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-_____ bacteria and is ______.
negative, diplococcus.
Myxococcus xanthus and Bdellovibro bacterioborus are _____ proteobacteria
delta
Helicobacter pylori is a(n) ____ proteobacteria and causes _____.
Epsilon, stomach ulcers
Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi are _____ _____ and include bacteroides and _______.
obligate anaerobes, chlorobium
Chlamydiae have two cell forms. One is an obligate intracellular parasite with a larger _____ ____ and the other is small ______ _____ that survive outside of host cells.
reticulate body, elementary bodies
Planctomycetes include _____ which contain ____.
Verrucomicrobia, tubulin
What group of bacteria are oxygenic phototrophs?
Cyanobacteria
The subcellular structures of cyanobacteria are …
- Thylakoids (site of photosynthesis)
- Carboxysomes (lipid bodies)
What group of bacteria can form akinetes and what is an akinete?
Cyanobacteria: not an endospore, but a dried out cell that can be used to spread to other ponds when their home pond dries out
The deep-branching thermophile _____ has many _____ which contain chlorophyll.
Chloroflexi, chlorosomes
______ ____ is modeled for life at high temps and is source of _____ _____ _____ for PCR.
Thermus aquaticus, Taq DNA polymerase
What bacteria is very radiation resistant?
Deinococcus radiodurans
What group of bacteria are the low G+C gram positives?
Firmicutes
Which bacterium is used to produce sauerkraut?
Leuconostoc
Which group of proteobacteria are most genetically similar to our mitochondria?
alpha
