TPO73 Flashcards
penetration
a movement into or through something or someone
example: available to plants are structures that make penetration by predators difficult
impale
to push a sharp object through something, especially the body of an animal or person
example: , which may trap, impale, or fence out insects and discourage browsing by vertebrate herbivores
vertebrate
having a spine
example: discourage browsing by vertebrate herbivores
embryo
an animal that is developing either in its mother’s womb or in an egg, or a plant that is developing in a seed
example: , the seedling embryo is sealed in, never to germinate
germinate
to start growing, or to cause a seed to start growing
example: , the seedling embryo is sealed in, never to germinate
predation
the fact that an animal hunts, kills, and eats other animals
example: turned seed predation into a mechanism for seed dispersal
dispersal
the action of spreading across or moving away over a large area, or of making people or things do this
example: turned seed predation into a mechanism for seed dispersal
graze
to (cause animals to) eat grass
example: such apparent defensive structures against grazing herbivores
spinescent
becoming spiny
example: experimentally the effects of plant spinescent
ungulate
having hooves
example: and the Boer goat, a domestic
ungulate
hand-reared
A hand-reared animal has been fed and cared for by a human since it was very young
example: The experimenters hand reared the antelope from calves to allow
foliage
the leaves of a plant or tree, or leaves on the stems or branches on which they are growing
example: researchers visually estimated the relative loss of foliage from
browsing
palatable
food or drink that has pleasant taste
example: , than those of other palatable plant species
compensate
to take the place of something useful or needed with something else of similar value
example: straight-throne species, kudu compensated partially for their slow eating rates by spending more time gathering the leaves
crude
in a natural or unfinished state, especially before being treated in an industrial process
example: armed species had a higher crude protein to their foliage
incur
to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken
example: . In addition, the animals may incur scar tissue in the esophagus and scratches in the mouth and throat.
medieval
related to the Middle Ages (= the period in European history from about AD 600 to AD 1500)
example: Most medieval African
societies south of the Sahara
confine
to limit
example: languages were confined mainly to Ethiopia, to Sudan, and to the maritime cities
maritime
near the sea or coast
example: languages were confined mainly to Ethiopia, to Sudan, and to the maritime cities
preserve
to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed
example: ,old papers are preserved only with great difficulty, for white ants
memoirs
a written record of a usually famous person’s own life and experiences
example: the memoirs of a king of the Luba
peculiar
unusual and strange
example: , administrative files have a peculiar value denied to other written records
memorandum
a written report prepared especially for a person or group of people and containing information about a particular matter
example: make official memorandums, communiques ,and such more reliable
communique
an official piece of news or an announcement, especially to the public or newspapers
example: make official memorandums ,communiques, and such more reliable
deceive
to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage
example: hardly ever wrote in order to deceive posterity
posterity
the people who will exist in the future
example: hardly ever wrote in order to deceive posterity
authenticity
the quality of being real or true
example: unusual degree of authenticity
speculative
based on a guess and not on information
example: accurately except by speculative extrapolations from literate cultures
extrapolation
the process of using information that is already known to guess or think about what might happen
example: accurately except by speculative extrapolations from literate cultures
conjecture
a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof
example: literate cultures or by conjectures determined to a large extent by our own cultural preconceptions
indigenous
native
example: with information from indigenous traditions and folklore
genealogical
related to the history of the past and present members of a family or families
example: genealogical tables, and personal reminiscences
reminiscences
Your reminiscences are the experiences you remember from the past, often written in a book
example: genealogical tables, and personal reminiscences
elicit
to obtain something, esp. information or a reaction
example: necessarily elicit the same information
dwell on something
to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant
example: who dwell on the Lua pula River, are, for instance, very interested in their own past
substratum
something important from which something else develops, but that is not immediately obvious
example: they help them pose new questions, and they tell them a great deal concerning a
people’s culture; they also provide a substratum of fact.
corroboration
the act of proving an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information
example: like all other forms of evidence, always stand in need of corroboration and
can never be accepted on the basis of their own authority.
conventional
traditional and ordinary
example: difficult to interpret, and the conventional historian’s intellectual tools may often prove inadequate for the task
terrestrial
relating to the earth
example: stars with densities greater than any known terrestrial
material
dim
not giving or having much light
example: it will slowly become cooler and
dimmer
luminosity
the state of producing or reflecting bright light; the state of appearing to shine
example: their small size would greatly limit their luminosity
beacon
a light that acts as a signal or warning
example: Earth happened to be in the path of this beacon
pulsar
a very small dense (= heavy in relation to its size) star that sends out radio waves
example: that radiates short pulses of radio energy, called a pulsar
immense
extremely large in size or degree
example: their gravity would be so immense that even light could not escape the surface
emit
to send out a beam, noise, smell, or gas
example: Theory predicts that as matter is pulled into a black hole, it should become very hot and emit a flood of x-rays before being engulfed.
engulf
to surround and cover something or someone completely
example: Theory predicts that as matter is pulled into a black hole, it should become very hot and emit a flood of x-rays before being engulfed
