TPO72 Flashcards
invade
to enter a place in large numbers, usually when unwanted and in order to take possession or do damage
example: Invading Algae
exotic
unusual and specially interesting because of coming from a country that is far away
example: exotic species are an escalating threat to biodiversity
irrevocably
in a way that is impossible to change
example: can displace native ones and irrevocably alter ecosystems
marine
related to the sea or sea transport
example: when Dr. Alexandre Meinesz, a marine biologist at the University of Nice in France, learned that this exotic alga
mutant
an organism that is different from others of its type because of a permanent change in its genes
example: discovered that a mutant variety of C. taxifolia was dumped into the Mediterranean with other aquarium refuse by the prestigious
prestigious
very much respected and admired, usually because of being important
example: discovered that a mutant variety of C. taxifolia was dumped into the Mediterranean with other aquarium refuse by the prestigious
amateur
a person who takes part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job
example: attention of amateur and professional aquarists for its exceptional beauty and hardiness
hardiness
the ability to bear extreme conditions or difficult situations
example: attention of amateur and professional aquarists for its exceptional beauty and hardiness
substrate
a substance or surface that an organism grows and lives on and is supported by
example: a variety of ocean substrates—sand,
mud, or rocks–and from near the surface
elongate
to become or make something become longer, and often thinner
example: capable of elongating by 2 centimeters in a single
frond
a long, thin leaf of a plant
example: forming a new frond every 2 days
asexual
without sex or sexual organs
example: All of this growth is asexual.
replicate
they make exact copies of themselves
example: s only male gametes in the Mediterranean and thus replicates only by
fragmentation
fragmentation
a process in which an organism breaks into different parts, with each part growing into a complete new organism
example: only male gametes in the Mediterranean and thus replicates only by
fragmentation
angiosperms
plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits
example: all other sea life such as marine angiosperms,
infestations
a large number of animals and insects that carry disease, that are present where they are not wanted
example: Caulerpa infestations have also been found in southern Australia, in estuaries near Sydney and Adelaide
estuary
the wide part of a river at the place where it joins the sea
example: Caulerpa infestations have also been found in southern Australia, in estuaries near Sydney and Adelaide.
eradicate
to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad
example: Various methods have been tried to eradicate this deadly invader
tarp
heavy waterproof cloth used as a covering
example: Black plastic tarps have been placed over the alga in an attempt to deprive
deprive
to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone
example: over the alga in an attempt to deprive it of life-giving sunlight
incorporate
to include something as part of something larger
example: out of the leaves and incorporate the algal chloroplasts,
unanimously
in a way that is agreed or supported by everyone in a group
example: were almost unanimously thought
to have volcanic origins
postulate
to suggest a theory, idea
example: Hooke, who postulated in 1665 that they were formed by the impact of meteors
fling something/someone out
to get rid of something you do not want
example: were formed from material flung out during the impact ejecta.
impact
as noun : the force with which one thing hits another or with which two things hit each other
example: were formed from material flung out during the impact ejecta.
ejecta
material that is forced or thrown out, especially as a result of volcanic eruption, meteoritic impact, or stellar explosion.
example: were formed from material flung out during the impact ejecta.
intact
complete and in the original state
example: volcanic hypothesis remained intact
fragment
a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something whole
example: preserve fragments of the original projectiles because they
projectile
an object that is thrown or fired, esp. from a weapon
example: preserve fragments of the original projectiles because they
rim
the outer, often curved or circular, edge of something
example: through the ejecta on the rim would pass through layers of the same material twice
strata plural of stratum
a layer of rock, soil, or similar material
example: Shoemaker’s words, the strata appeared to “have been peeled back from the area of the
crater
cement
as a verb : to attach firmly, or to cover with cement
At Meteor Crater, shattered target rocks are cemented together by glass at depths of 200-400 meters
instantaneously
in a way that happens immediately, without any delay
example: because the pressure is applied almost instantaneously, it is referred
to as shock pressure.
swath
a strip or belt, or a long area of something
example: Greece over a large swath of southwestern Asia and northern Africa
resurgence
a new increase of activity or interest in a particular subject or idea that had been forgotten for some time
example: these new kingdoms was the resurgence of monarchy, which had many repercussions
monarchy
a country that has a king or queen
example: these new kingdoms was the resurgence of monarchy, which had many repercussions
repercussion
the effect that an action, event, or decision has on something, especially a bad effect
example: these new kingdoms was the resurgence of monarchy, which had many repercussions
polis
a city-state in ancient Greece
example: loyalty that Greeks had once
felt for the polis.
grind to a halt
to stop slowly
example: Otherwise royal business would grind to a halt
civilized
A civilized society or country has a well developed system of government, culture, and way of life and that treats the people who live there fairly
example: civilized life was unthinkable without the polis
mere
Used to emphasize that something is not large or important
example: far more than a
mere city
autonomous
independent and having the power to make your own decisions
example: was by definition autonomous state run by its citizens, free of any outside power or restraint
sovereignty
the power of a country to control its own government
example: refused to grant sovereignty to
their cities
trappings
all the things that are part of or typical of a particular job, situation, or event
example: monarchs gave their cities all the external trappings of a polis
wage
as verb: to fight a war or organize a series of activities in order to achieve something
example: or wage their own wars
sovereign
a king or queen
example: was the real sovereign
welfare
help given, esp. money, by a government to people who are poor and who do not have jobs
example: were important parts of the kingdom, but the welfare of the whole
kingdom came first
disparity
a lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair
example: In some instances this disparity spurred natives to assimilate
Greek culture
spur
to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster
example: In some instances this disparity spurred natives to assimilate
Greek culture
assimilate
to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.
In some instances this disparity spurred natives to assimilate
Greek culture
homogeneous
consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same type
example:The Hellenistic city was not
homogeneous and could not spark the intensity of feeling that marked the polis
mime
the act of using movements of your hands and body, and expressions on your face, without speech, to communicate emotions and actions or to tell a story
example: sign language, gestures, or miming
deliberate
(often of something bad) intentional or planned
example: but we can give deliberate
signals with our bodies as well
invade
to enter a place by force, often in large numbers
Invading someone’s space can be a way
of intentionally signaling aggression
divergence
the situation in which two things become different
example: we would expect divergence
among the cultures of the world
musculature
the position and structure of the muscles
example: elaborate overlapping musculature in the facial region
locomotion
the ability to move
example: skeletal locomotion
monopoly
something that is controlled by one person or group and not shared by others
example: mammals have the monopoly on facial expressions
co-opt
divert to or use in a role different from the usual or original one
example: have discovered that a
muscle group that was originally located in the throat was co-opted and
relocated to the face
