TPO63 Flashcards
Interdependence
the fact of depending on each other:
example: The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence
nascent
only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly
example: This nascent world system developed
as a result of insatiable demands
insatiable
(especially of a desire or need) too great to be satisfied
example: This nascent world system developed
as a result of insatiable demands
lavish
large in quantity and expensive or impressive
example: who used lavish display and exotic luxuries
exotic
unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country
example: who used lavish display and exotic luxuries
timber
trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building
example: little timber
semiprecious
A semiprecious stone is one that is used for making jewelry but is not extremely valuable
example: semiprecious stones
abundance
the situation in which there is more than enough of something
example: trading with areas where such items were in abundance
surplus
more than is needed
example: large grain surpluses
textiles
a cloth made by hand or machine
example: flourishing industry in textiles and other luxuries
placid
having a calm appearance or characteristics
example: the placid Euphrates
port
a town by the sea or by a river that has a harbor, or the harbor itself
example: rivers with distant cities and ports
caravan
a group of people with vehicles or animals who travel together for safety through a dangerous area, esp. across a desert on camels
durable
able to last and be used for a long time without becoming damaged
example: more durable artifacts that could be used for more arduous
arduous
difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy
example: arduous
day-to-day tasks
intricate
having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way
example: An intricate and ever-changing system of political alliances
barter
to exchange goods for other things rather than for money
example: s to bring order to what had
begun as in formal bartering
lapis lazuli
a semiprecious stone that is usually rich azure blue and is essentially a complex silicate often with spangles of pyrites
example: began to handle such commodities as copper and
lapis lazuli
wholesale
the activity of selling goods, usually in large amounts, to businesses which then sell them to the public
example: . There was wholesaling and contracting, loans were floated
onerous
difficult to do or needing a lot of effort
example: The onerous tasks of
defense and military organization
despotic
having unlimited power over other people, and often using it unfairly and cruelly:
example: despotic kings supposedly appointed by the gods
obscurity
the state of not being known to many people
example: their fortunes would change and they would
sink into obscurity
merely
only; and nothing more
example: entertain bolder visions than merely the control of a few city-states in the lowlands
lucrative
producing much money or making a large profit
example: the control of lucrative sources
of raw materials and trade routes
boast
to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own
example: a monarch
named Lugalzagesi boasted of overseeing the entire area from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.
constituent
one of the parts that a substance or combination is made of
example: e Sun breaks down the vapor molecules into their constituents
coma
the head of a comet consisting of a cloud of gas and dust and usually containing a nucleus
example: contributing to the luminosity of the coma
imparts
to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste
example: it imparts a tiny, but perceptible, momentum change to the dust particle
strewn
to spread things in a messy way over a surface, or to be spread in a messy way over a surface
example: may get strewn across Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
depleted
reduced
example: it will be depleted to the point where it is no longer visible
dissipate
to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste
example: the old ones that dissipate and vanish from view
perturb
to cause to experience a perturbation
perturbation: a small change in the regular movement of an object
example: passing star can be sufficient
to perturb the orbit of one of these chunks
realm
a country ruled by a king or queen
example: e borders of their realm
through near-continuous warfare
warfare
the activity of fighting a war, often including the weapons and methods that are used
example: borders of their realm
through near-continuous warfare
ring(verb)
as a verb: to surround something
example: The vast territory ringed the Mediterranean Sea-mare nostrum, or “our sea
mandate
to give official permission for something to happen
example: building programs of unprecedented scale and
complexity, mandating the construction of central administrative and legal centers
commerce
the activities involved in buying and selling things
example: efficiently, speed communications between Rome and the farthest reaches of
the empire, and promote commerce
aqueduct
a structure like a bridge for carrying water across land in pipes or an open channel
example: , the Roman aqueduct conveys the balance, proportion, and rhythmic harmony of a great work of art and fits naturally into the landscape
dweller
a person who lives in a city, town, cave, etc.
example: wealthy city
dwellers maintained rural estates
laborer
a person who does unskilled physical work, especially outside
example: , professional artists were generally considered little more than skilled laborers
assimilate
to understand and remember new information and make it part of your basic knowledge so that you can use it as your own
example: , they also adopted many Greek gods and myths and assimilated Greek religious beliefs and practices into a form of state religion
deify
to consider someone or something to be so important that they are almost like a god
example: they added their own
deified emperors, in part to maintain the allegiance of the culturally diverse populations of the empire
allegiance
loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief
example: in part to maintain the allegiance of the culturally diverse populations of the empire.
