TPO63

Question 1

Interdependence

Answer 1

the fact of depending on each other:
example: The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence

Question 2

nascent

Answer 2

only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly
example: This nascent world system developed
as a result of insatiable demands

Question 3

insatiable

Answer 3

(especially of a desire or need) too great to be satisfied
example: This nascent world system developed
as a result of insatiable demands

Question 4

lavish

Answer 4

large in quantity and expensive or impressive
example: who used lavish display and exotic luxuries

Question 5

exotic

Answer 5

unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country
example: who used lavish display and exotic luxuries

Question 6

timber

Answer 6

trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building
example: little timber

Question 7

semiprecious

Answer 7

A semiprecious stone is one that is used for making jewelry but is not extremely valuable
example: semiprecious stones

Question 8

abundance

Answer 8

the situation in which there is more than enough of something
example: trading with areas where such items were in abundance

Question 9

surplus

Answer 9

more than is needed
example: large grain surpluses

Question 10

textiles

Answer 10

a cloth made by hand or machine
example: flourishing industry in textiles and other luxuries

Question 11

placid

Answer 11

having a calm appearance or characteristics
example: the placid Euphrates

Question 12

port

Answer 12

a town by the sea or by a river that has a harbor, or the harbor itself
example: rivers with distant cities and ports

Question 13

caravan

Answer 13

a group of people with vehicles or animals who travel together for safety through a dangerous area, esp. across a desert on camels

Question 14

durable

Answer 14

able to last and be used for a long time without becoming damaged
example: more durable artifacts that could be used for more arduous

Question 15

arduous

Answer 15

difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy
example: arduous
day-to-day tasks

Question 16

intricate

Answer 16

having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way
example: An intricate and ever-changing system of political alliances

Question 17

barter

Answer 17

to exchange goods for other things rather than for money
example: s to bring order to what had
begun as in formal bartering

Question 18

lapis lazuli

Answer 18

a semiprecious stone that is usually rich azure blue and is essentially a complex silicate often with spangles of pyrites
example: began to handle such commodities as copper and
lapis lazuli

Question 19

wholesale

Answer 19

the activity of selling goods, usually in large amounts, to businesses which then sell them to the public
example: . There was wholesaling and contracting, loans were floated

Question 20

onerous

Answer 20

difficult to do or needing a lot of effort
example: The onerous tasks of
defense and military organization

Question 21

despotic

Answer 21

having unlimited power over other people, and often using it unfairly and cruelly:
example: despotic kings supposedly appointed by the gods

Question 22

obscurity

Answer 22

the state of not being known to many people
example: their fortunes would change and they would
sink into obscurity

Question 23

merely

Answer 23

only; and nothing more
example: entertain bolder visions than merely the control of a few city-states in the lowlands

Question 24

lucrative

Answer 24

producing much money or making a large profit
example: the control of lucrative sources
of raw materials and trade routes

Question 25

boast

Answer 25

to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own
example: a monarch
named Lugalzagesi boasted of overseeing the entire area from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.

Question 26

constituent

Answer 26

one of the parts that a substance or combination is made of
example: e Sun breaks down the vapor molecules into their constituents

Question 27

coma

Answer 27

the head of a comet consisting of a cloud of gas and dust and usually containing a nucleus
example: contributing to the luminosity of the coma

Question 28

imparts

Answer 28

to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste
example: it imparts a tiny, but perceptible, momentum change to the dust particle

Question 29

strewn

Answer 29

to spread things in a messy way over a surface, or to be spread in a messy way over a surface
example: may get strewn across Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

Question 30

depleted

Answer 30

reduced
example: it will be depleted to the point where it is no longer visible

Question 31

dissipate

Answer 31

to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste
example: the old ones that dissipate and vanish from view

Question 32

perturb

Answer 32

to cause to experience a perturbation
perturbation: a small change in the regular movement of an object
example: passing star can be sufficient
to perturb the orbit of one of these chunks

Question 33

realm

Answer 33

a country ruled by a king or queen
example: e borders of their realm
through near-continuous warfare

Question 34

warfare

Answer 34

the activity of fighting a war, often including the weapons and methods that are used
example: borders of their realm
through near-continuous warfare

Question 35

ring(verb)

Answer 35

as a verb: to surround something
example: The vast territory ringed the Mediterranean Sea-mare nostrum, or “our sea

Question 36

mandate

Answer 36

to give official permission for something to happen
example: building programs of unprecedented scale and
complexity, mandating the construction of central administrative and legal centers

Question 37

commerce

Answer 37

the activities involved in buying and selling things
example: efficiently, speed communications between Rome and the farthest reaches of
the empire, and promote commerce

Question 38

aqueduct

Answer 38

a structure like a bridge for carrying water across land in pipes or an open channel
example: , the Roman aqueduct conveys the balance, proportion, and rhythmic harmony of a great work of art and fits naturally into the landscape

Question 39

dweller

Answer 39

a person who lives in a city, town, cave, etc.
example: wealthy city
dwellers maintained rural estates

Question 40

laborer

Answer 40

a person who does unskilled physical work, especially outside
example: , professional artists were generally considered little more than skilled laborers

Question 41

assimilate

Answer 41

to understand and remember new information and make it part of your basic knowledge so that you can use it as your own
example: , they also adopted many Greek gods and myths and assimilated Greek religious beliefs and practices into a form of state religion

Question 42

deify

Answer 42

to consider someone or something to be so important that they are almost like a god
example: they added their own
deified emperors, in part to maintain the allegiance of the culturally diverse populations of the empire

Question 43

allegiance

Answer 43

loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief
example: in part to maintain the allegiance of the culturally diverse populations of the empire.