TPO65

Question 1

preferentially

Answer 1

in a way that shows someone or something is preferred to others
example: All snakes that have pit organs
feed preferentially on warm-blooded prey

Question 2

transparent

Answer 2

If a substance or object is transparent, you can see through it very clearly
example: The pit is covered by a thin transparent membrane

Question 3

consequent

Answer 3

happening as a result of something
example:
the gas with a consequent deformation of the membrane

Question 4

responsiveness

Answer 4

the quality of having a reaction to something or someone, especially a quick or positive reaction
example: the outside air causes no loss in responsiveness

Question 5

incompatible

Answer 5

so different that both cannot happen, be correct, or be accepted at the same time
example: a result that is incompatible with the hypothesis that a pressure change is sensed.

Question 6

analogous

Answer 6

having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it
example: infrared radiation is absorbed by a specific compound, analogous to the light sensitive pigments in the eye, or the pit organs are sensitive to the slight temperature rise caused
when infrared radiation reaches it.

Question 7

precision

Answer 7

the qualities of being careful and accurate
example: not only from observations of the precision with
which a snake can strike

Question 8

reminiscent

Answer 8

making you remember a particular person, event, or thing
example: This is reminiscent of the way information from the eyes is handled; the crossover of the optic nerve in the optic chiasma..

Question 9

receptacle

Answer 9

a container used for storing or putting objects in
example: was essentially a receptacle for airborne
particles

Question 10

manifest

Answer 10

to show something clearly, through signs or actions
example: a receptacle for airborne particles, and through them, manifested a variety of chemical properties…

Question 11

combustion

Answer 11

the process of burning
example: had a role to play in combustion, respiration, and other reactions

Question 12

respiration

Answer 12

the process of breathing
example: had a role to play in combustion, respiration, and other reactions

Question 13

assorted

Answer 13

consisting of various types mixed together
example: Chemists could examine solids and liquids, exposing them to a variety of tests and seeing how
they contributed to assorted reactions

Question 14

brief

Answer 14

a set of instructions or information
example: weighing gases was outside their brief

Question 15

pneumatic trough

Answer 15

a trough that is filled with water or mercury for use in collecting gases
example: a new instrument, the pneumatic trough. This instrument is important for what it made possible in the handling of air..

Question 16

botnist

Answer 16

a scientist who studies plants
example: was a botanist and chemist as well as a physiologist

Question 17

sap

Answer 17

the liquid that carries food to all parts of a plant:
example: like the pressure of sap in plants

Question 18

devise

Answer 18

to invent
example: In devising this apparatus, Hales had coincidentally furnished

Question 19

apparatus

Answer 19

a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose
example: In devising this apparatus, Hales had coincidentally furnished…

Question 20

furnish

Answer 20

to supply or provide something needed
example: furnished an instrument for catching and
holding air

Question 21

staple

Answer 21

basic or main
example: it became a staple
of the chemical laboratory

Question 22

speculate

Answer 22

to guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain
example: it was possible to speculate and then to
demonstrate that the gaseous state…

Question 23

constraint

Answer 23

something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits
example: Geographical constraints have had important consequences

Question 24

vegetation

Answer 24

plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area
example: since the natural vegetation tends to be sparse

Question 25

sparse

Answer 25

small in numbers or amount, often spread over a large area
example: However, since the natural vegetation tends to be sparse

Question 26

nomadic

Answer 26

a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time

Question 27

pastoralist

Answer 27

a farmer who breeds and takes care of animals, especially in Africa and Australia
example: nomadic pastoralism-keeping livestock (such as sheep
and goats) by wandering from place to place…

Question 28

confederation

Answer 28

an organization consisting of different groups of people working together for business or political reasons
example: The pastoralists were typically organized into large tribal confederations capable of controlling the vast territories

Question 29

cultivate

Answer 29

To cultivate is also to try to become friendly with someone because that person may be able to help you
example: governments needed to cultivate the support of friendly tribal groups

Question 30

hostile

Answer 30

unfriendly and not liking something
example: tried to control hostile tribes by combat, deportation

Question 31

combat

Answer 31

a fight, especially during a war
example : s and tried to control hostile tribes by combat, deportation

Question 32

deportation

Answer 32

the action of forcing someone to leave a country, especially someone who has no legal right to be there or who has broken the law
example: tried to control hostile tribes by combat, deportation

Question 33

potent

Answer 33

very powerful, forceful, or effective
example: and they were a potent force in Iranian affairs

Question 34

oasis

Answer 34

a fertile or green area in an arid region
example: it possible to farm crops outside the few oases

Question 35

modest

Answer 35

not large in size or amount, or not great in value
example: developed around the qanat system gave modest yields and required hard work from the peasant farmer

Question 36

yield

Answer 36

an amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied
example: developed around the qanat system gave modest yields and required hard work from the peasant farmer