TPO62

Question 1

dormancy

Answer 1

the state of being dormant (= not active or growing but able to become active later):
example: One obvious strategy is dormancy (a suspension of activity) during the cold season

Question 2

deciduous

Answer 2

A deciduous tree loses its leaves in the fall and grows new ones in the spring.
deciduous vs evergreen
example: , such as the maples, oaks, beech, birches, and ashes, are deciduous trees that lose their frost-sensitive leaves during the cold winter season

Question 3

bud

Answer 3

a small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf
example: The new leaves arise in the spring from winter buds that can remain viable

Question 4

viable

Answer 4

able to exist, perform as intended, or succeed
example: The new leaves arise in the spring from winter buds that can remain viable

Question 5

conifer

Answer 5

one of various types of evergreen tree (= one that never loses its leaves) that produce hard oval-shaped fruit called cones
example: Most of the needle-leaved conifers of the northern and alpine forests, such as pines, spruces, and firs, do not lose their leaves during the winter

Question 6

prevalent

Answer 6

existing very commonly or happening often
example: Supercooling
seems to be the prevalent mechanism of frost resistance in herbs

Question 7

solute

Answer 7

a substance that has been dissolved in another substance
example: extracellular areas increases the solute content (the quantity of dissolved substances)

Question 8

accommodate

Answer 8

to adapt oneself
example: The cell walls can accommodate the deformations caused by water freezing

Question 9

radiate

Answer 9

to send out heat or light, or (of heat or light) to be sent out
example: o resist freezing during cool nights by radiating heat stored

Question 10

subtle

Answer 10

not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious
example: , soft surfaces and glows in subtle greens, grays, and browns

Question 11

alloy

Answer 11

a metal that is made by mixing two or more metals, or a metal and another substance
example: Bronze, an alloy of tin and copper,

Question 12

exalted

Answer 12

elevated in rank, power, or character
example: Not only the materials but also the ways in which they were worked demonstrated their exalted functions

Question 13

scepter

Answer 13

a decorated stick that is carried by a queen or king as a symbol of authority, esp. at official ceremonies
example: . Jade scepters (ceremonial objects of various shapes that were carried by influential people as symbols of authority) were ground more thinly than the stone tools

Question 14

intricate

Answer 14

having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way
example: were made in intricate forms, with extra knobs and handles and dense decoration

Question 15

scarce

Answer 15

not easy to find or get
example: no point in using these scarce and labor-intensive materials in place of common ones

Question 16

labor-intensive

Answer 16

Industries and methods that are labor-intensive need a lot of workers
example: no point in using these scarce and labor-intensive materials in place of common ones

Question 17

exploit

Answer 17

make full use of and derive benefit
example: Craftsmanship was therefore directed toward
exploiting and displaying the particular qualities

Question 18

deploy

Answer 18

to use something or someone, especially in an effective way
example: Visual distinctions deployed to separate the ceremonial from the everyday

Question 19

vessel

Answer 19

a ship or a boat
example: powerful owned the jade scepters and bronze vessels

Question 20

conspicuous

Answer 20

very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted
example: commissioned large numbers of conspicuous bronzes

Question 21

expenditure

Answer 21

the total amount of money that a government or person spends
example: emphasized their power even more by increasing expenditure on ritual
objects.

Question 22

calligraphy

Answer 22

(the art of producing) beautiful writing, often created with a special pen or brush
example: including calligraphy and painting, grew the first art collections