TPO68

Question 1

principal

Answer 1

Important
example: principal competitor…

Question 2

subsidy

Answer 2

money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen
example: the government paid merchants a subsidy on salt landed in Venice…

Question 3

cargo

Answer 3

the goods carried by a ship, aircraft, or other large vehicle
example: cargoes of Indian spices and sold them in western…

Question 4

monopoly

Answer 4

complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share
example: Unlike the Chinese salt monopoly, the Venetian government never owned salt…

Question 5

tonnage

Answer 5

the size of a ship or the weight of goods that a ship is able to carry
example: 30 to 50 percent of the tonnage of imports to Venice was in salt.

Question 6

palatial

Answer 6

large and highly decorated; like a palace
example: palatial public building…

Question 7

stipulate

Answer 7

to say exactly how something must be or must be done
example: the contract stipulated that these cities would not buy salt from anyone else…

Question 8

naval

Answer 8

belonging to a country’s navy, or relating to military ships
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat…

Question 9

fleet

Answer 9

a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country’s navy
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat…

Question 10

combat

Answer 10

a fight, especially during a war
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat

Question 11

patrol

Answer 11

to go around an area or a building to see if there is any trouble or danger
example: The Venetian fleet patrolled the Adriatic Sea, stopped ships, inspected cargo, and demanded licensing documents…

Question 12

virtually

Answer 12

almost
example: evacuating virtually everyone within 25 kilometers…

Question 13

manifestation

Answer 13

appearance
example: any local manifestation of increasing heat may signal…

Question 14

impend

Answer 14

If an event impends, usually an event that is unpleasant or unwanted, it is going to happen soon
example: increasing heat may signal an impending event…

Question 15

seep

Answer 15

to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something
example: then surface water is probably seeping into the mountain and being heated by contact

Question 16

brew

Answer 16

If something bad is brewing, it is about to start
example: a sign that an eruption may be brewing…

Question 17

bulging

Answer 17

sticking out in a rounded shape
example: an increase in the steepness or bulging of a volcano’s slope may signal …

Question 18

inflation

Answer 18

the act of filling something with air, or of being filled with air
example: to detect the inflation of a volcanic cone, a tilt meter

Question 19

carpenter

Answer 19

a person whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures
example: a tilt meter, a device like a carpenter’s level…

Question 20

tremor

Answer 20

a slight earthquake
example: harmonic tremors, a continuous rhythmic rumbling…

Question 21

thwart

Answer 21

to stop something from happening or someone from doing something
example: efforts to predict eruptions are thwarted…

Question 22

conclusive

Answer 22

proving that something is true, or ending any doubt
example: is by no means conclusive…

Question 23

mutation

Answer 23

the change that happens in an organism’s genes which produces differences that are passed to new organisms by reproduction, or the process of this change
example: antioxidants and gene repair mechanisms, and human mutations…

Question 24

fruitful

Answer 24

producing good results
example: a second tactic may prove fruitful as well…

Question 25

scrutiny

Answer 25

the careful and detailed examination of something
example: laboratory-tested theory of age extension for animals that has held up under
decades of careful scrutiny…

Question 26

inversely

Answer 26

in such a way that one amount gets bigger as another gets smaller
example: the life span of animals is roughly inversely correlated to the
metabolism rate…

Question 27

spontaneous

Answer 27

happening, especially in a living thing, without being caused by something outside, or without the organism’s control
example: Merely reducing caloric intake by 40 percent reduced this form of spontaneous DNA damage by almost 24 percent!”…