TPO68 Flashcards
principal
Important
example: principal competitor…
subsidy
money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen
example: the government paid merchants a subsidy on salt landed in Venice…
cargo
the goods carried by a ship, aircraft, or other large vehicle
example: cargoes of Indian spices and sold them in western…
monopoly
complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share
example: Unlike the Chinese salt monopoly, the Venetian government never owned salt…
tonnage
the size of a ship or the weight of goods that a ship is able to carry
example: 30 to 50 percent of the tonnage of imports to Venice was in salt.
palatial
large and highly decorated; like a palace
example: palatial public building…
stipulate
to say exactly how something must be or must be done
example: the contract stipulated that these cities would not buy salt from anyone else…
naval
belonging to a country’s navy, or relating to military ships
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat…
fleet
a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country’s navy
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat…
combat
a fight, especially during a war
example: the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat
patrol
to go around an area or a building to see if there is any trouble or danger
example: The Venetian fleet patrolled the Adriatic Sea, stopped ships, inspected cargo, and demanded licensing documents…
virtually
almost
example: evacuating virtually everyone within 25 kilometers…
manifestation
appearance
example: any local manifestation of increasing heat may signal…
impend
If an event impends, usually an event that is unpleasant or unwanted, it is going to happen soon
example: increasing heat may signal an impending event…
seep
to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something
example: then surface water is probably seeping into the mountain and being heated by contact
brew
If something bad is brewing, it is about to start
example: a sign that an eruption may be brewing…
bulging
sticking out in a rounded shape
example: an increase in the steepness or bulging of a volcano’s slope may signal …
inflation
the act of filling something with air, or of being filled with air
example: to detect the inflation of a volcanic cone, a tilt meter
carpenter
a person whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures
example: a tilt meter, a device like a carpenter’s level…
tremor
a slight earthquake
example: harmonic tremors, a continuous rhythmic rumbling…
thwart
to stop something from happening or someone from doing something
example: efforts to predict eruptions are thwarted…
conclusive
proving that something is true, or ending any doubt
example: is by no means conclusive…
mutation
the change that happens in an organism’s genes which produces differences that are passed to new organisms by reproduction, or the process of this change
example: antioxidants and gene repair mechanisms, and human mutations…
fruitful
producing good results
example: a second tactic may prove fruitful as well…
scrutiny
the careful and detailed examination of something
example: laboratory-tested theory of age extension for animals that has held up under
decades of careful scrutiny…
inversely
in such a way that one amount gets bigger as another gets smaller
example: the life span of animals is roughly inversely correlated to the
metabolism rate…
spontaneous
happening, especially in a living thing, without being caused by something outside, or without the organism’s control
example: Merely reducing caloric intake by 40 percent reduced this form of spontaneous DNA damage by almost 24 percent!”…
