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GI/Nutritional Disorders > Toxins in the Garage > Flashcards

Toxins in the Garage Flashcards

1
Q

What toxin is found in most commercial antifreezes?

A

Ethylene glycol

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2
Q

How does ethylene glycol taste?

A

Sweet

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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Metabolized to oxalic acid and glycolic acid

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4
Q

What metabolizes ethylene glycol?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What will you see on a urinalysis of ethylene glycol tox as early as 6h post ingestion?

A

Ca oxalate crystalluria

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6
Q

What is stage 1 of ethylene glycol toxicity and how long does it last?

A

Neurological phase, 30min-12h

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7
Q

What are clinical signs of the neuro phase of ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Ataxia, knuckling, “drunken behavior”, anorexia and vomiting

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8
Q

What is stage 2 of ethylene glycol toxicity and how long does it last?

A

Cardiovascular phase, 12h-24h

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9
Q

Which phase of ethylene glycol toxicity often goes unnoticed?

A

Cardiovascular phase

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10
Q

What are clinical signs of the cardiovascular phase of ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Tachycardia and tachypnea

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11
Q

What type of renal failure is assoc. w/ethylene glycol tox?

A

Oliguric

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12
Q

What blood gas abnormalities are assoc. w/ethylene glycol tox?

A

High anion gap, metabolic acidosis, high osmolar gap

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13
Q

When must treatment be given in order to combat ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Before toxic metabolites are generated

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14
Q

What is the most effective medical treatment for ethylene glycol tox and how soon after ingestion but it be given?

A

Fomepizole (4-MP), w/in 8h of ingestion

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15
Q

What is the MoA of 4-methylprazole?

A

Competitive inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase

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16
Q

If you choose to treat ethylene glycol toxicity with 20% ethanol, why is close monitoring required?

A

Can cause worsening of acidosis and diuresis and resp/CNS depression

17
Q

What are symptomatic treatments for ethylene glycol tox?

A

GI protectants, IVFT, diuretics

18
Q

What is the prognosis for ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Good if tx w/in 4-8h; guarded if azotemia present; grave if oliguria/anuria present

19
Q

What do household cleaners contain that can cause caustic or corrosive lesions?

A

Acids and alkalis

20
Q

What should you absolutely NOT do if an animal has ingested a household cleaner?

A

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING

21
Q

Why do you not want to induce vomiting in a patient that has ingested an acid/alkali?

A

Further damage esophagus

22
Q

How soon after ingestion of a non-dilute acid do burns appear and where will you see them?

A

Immediately; mouth, esophagus, stomach

23
Q

How soon after ingestion of a non-dilute alkali do burns appear?

A

8-12h later

24
Q

How do you treat an acid/alkali toxicity?

A

Dilute milk/water, GI protectant

25
Q

Why is activated charcoal not an appropriate treatment for acid/alkali toxicity?

A

Does not bind acids or alkalis

26
Q

What varnishing products are very irritating and painful when contacting skin and foot pads?

A

Paint thinners and turpentine

27
Q

How do you treat a paint thinner ingestion?

A

Milk or water

28
Q

Why do you not want to induce vomiting in a patient that has swallowed paint thinner?

A

Risk of aspiration pneumonia

29
Q

What is the neurotoxicant produced by Aspergillus?

A

Penitrem A

30
Q

Where might an animal ingest penitrem A?

A

Moldy food

31
Q

What is the MoA of penitrem A?

A

Raises resting membrane potential = facilitates depolarization

32
Q

What are clinical signs of moldy garbage intoxication?

A

Fine motor tremors, restlessness, hypersalivation

33
Q

How severe can moldy garbage intoxication signs become?

A

Tonic spasms, hyperthermia, seizures

34
Q

How do you treat moldy garbage intoxication?

A

Emesis, activated charcoal, supportive care

35
Q

What supportive care helps with muscle tremors assoc. w/moldy garbage intoxication?

A

Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

36
Q

How can you symptomatically treat seizures assoc. w/moldy garbage intoxication?

A

Diazepam, phenobarbital

37
Q

What GI protectants can you use for treatment of moldy garbage intoxication?

A

H2 blockers, sucralfate

38
Q

Which species has trouble with 4-MP treatment for ethylene glycol and why?

A

Cats need a much higher dose than dogs

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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