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GI/Nutritional Disorders > General Gastroenterology of Cows > Flashcards

General Gastroenterology of Cows Flashcards

1
Q

What are the big 5 causes of calf diarrhea?

A

Salmonella, Coronavirus, rotavirus, crypto, enteropathogenic E. coli

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2
Q

What age of calf is affected by crypto?

A

1-4wk

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3
Q

Which cause of calf diarrhea is zoonotic?

A

Crypto

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4
Q

What type of diarrhea does E. coli cause in calves?

A

White

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5
Q

How is a calf systemically affected by E. coli?

A

Dehydration/hypovolemia, tachycardia, unable to stand

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6
Q

A floppy calf with metabolic acidosis has what disease?

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

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7
Q

How do you treat an E. coli calf with hypovolemia and metabolic acidosis?

A

Na containing IV fluids which contain additional alkali

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8
Q

Why does an E. coli calf become hyperkalemic?

A

Metabolic acidosis causes potassium to leave cells

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9
Q

Why might an E. coli calf become septic?

A

Bacterial translocation across gut

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10
Q

What type of abomasal ulcers are bleeding ulcers?

A

Type 2

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11
Q

What type of stool is produced by a cow with an abomasal ulcer?

A

Melena

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12
Q

How do you treat a type 2 abomasal ulcer?

A

4-8L fresh whole blood transfusion

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13
Q

What drug can you give to help raise abomasal pH?

A

Omeprazole and ranitidine

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14
Q

Which cows are most prone to abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Recently freshened

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15
Q

Where will the ping be heard with an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

R ICS 9-13

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16
Q

How will bloodwork be affected by an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

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17
Q

What causes hypochloremia in a cow w/abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Sequestered HCl in abomasum

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18
Q

How does a abomasal volvulus/torsion develop alkalosis?

A

Compensate for sequestered HCl by conserving Na and retaining bicarb

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19
Q

How does an abomasal volvulus/torsion develop hypokalemia?

A

H+ will exchange for K+ b/c of alkalosis in order to establish a normal cell pH

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20
Q

As a result of decr. potassium and the need to retain Na, what do the kineys do?

A

Exchange H+ for Na (rather than K+ for NA)

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21
Q

What type of fluids do you give an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

NaCl w/K added

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22
Q

What is the rate at which K can be given IV?

A

0.5mEq/kg/hr

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23
Q

Where does a left displaced abomasum get trapped?

A

Between rumen and left body wall

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24
Q

When is an LDA most common?

A

First 4 weeks postpartum

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25
Q

What increases likelihood of an LDA?

A

Increased metabolic demand for lactation, diet changes

26
Q

How does postpartum hypoCa potentially predispose a cow to LDA?

A

Predisposes to decreased abomasal motility

27
Q

Where will you hear a ping with LDA?

A

L side ICS 10-13

28
Q

How will TPR be affected by an LDA?

A

Normal

29
Q

Are clinical signs more systemic/distressing with LDA or RDA?

A

RDA

30
Q

What type of feces will you see with an intussusception?

A

Scant dark (blackberry jam)

31
Q

What clinical signs are assoc. w/intussusception in ruminants?

A

Teeth grinding, colic, blackberry jam feces

32
Q

Where is the most common spot for a ruminant to get an intussusception?

A

Ileum

33
Q

What electrolyte changes are assoc. w/intussusception in ruminants?

A

HypoCl, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis

34
Q

What approach do you use to surgically treat an intussusception?

A

R flank surgery

35
Q

Where will you palpate a distended structure with cecal dilation/torsion?

A

Loaf of bread just cranial to pelvis

36
Q

Where will a ping from a cecal dilation be located?

A

R side from last rib to pelvis (high up)

37
Q

What approach do you use to surgically treat a cecal dilation/torsion?

A

Right flank surgery

38
Q

Where will you hear a ping if there is gas in the spiral colon?

A

8in. circular ping high on last rib or just behind

39
Q

Common finding in any sick cow w/poor GI motility

A

Gas in spiral colon

40
Q

What type of boat results from consumption of lush legumes?

A

Frothy bloat

41
Q

What causes free gas bloat?

A

Vagal indigestion

42
Q

How do you treat frothy bloat?

A

Poloxalene PO

43
Q

How does Poloxalene treat frothy bloat?

A

Reduces surface tension and destabilized froth

44
Q

What clinical signs do you see with frothy bloat?

A

Resp distress, froth in rumenal trochar

45
Q

If you pass a stomach tube and no gas escapes, what type of bloat does the cow have?

A

Frothy bloat

46
Q

What produces a papple shape?

A

Vagal indigestion

47
Q

What is papple?

A

Local peritonitis leads to poor motility of forestomach, rumen fills w/fluid + gas cap and abomasum fills w/fluid

48
Q

What is type 1 vagal indigestion?

A

Free gas bloat (failure to eructate)

49
Q

What are the signals that detect pressure in the rumen and open the cardia to allow for erucation?

A

Mediastinal LNs

50
Q

How do you treat type 1 vagal indigestion?

A

Temp. rumen fistula until eructation occurs

51
Q

What is type 2 vagal indigestion?

A

Failure of omasal transport

52
Q

Large fluid-filled rumen, monotone ping @ L 11-hip, papple are sings of which vagal indigestion?

A

Type 2 (failure of omasal transport)

53
Q

How can you ddx type 2 from type 3 vagal indigestion?

A

Type 3 will have more profound e-lyte disturbances and cow will appear sicker

54
Q

Cows have internal vomiting and accumulate chloride in the rumen

A

Type 3 vagal indigestion

55
Q

What is type 3 vagal indigestion?

A

Failure of pyloric outflow

56
Q

What e-lyte changes are assoc. w/type 3 vagal indigestion?

A

HypoCl, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis

57
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis assoc. w/type 3 vagal indigestion?

A

Intestines no able to reabsorb Cl into bloodstream after its secreted into abomasum

58
Q

What vagal indigestion is more common in sheep than cows?

A

Type 4 (abomasal impaction)

59
Q

What is type 4 vagal indigestion?

A

Abomasal impaction

60
Q

Which sheep breed is most prone to type 4 vagal indigestion (abomasal impaction)?

A

Suffolk

61
Q

What grass contains sharp barbs hat stick into mucosa of young cattle and horses and cause oral ulcers?

A

Yellow bristle grass (Sertaria lutescens)

62
Q

What is the main clinical sign of bristle grass irritation?

A

Reluctance to eat, ulceration of oral mucosa

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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