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GI/Nutritional Disorders > Hepatobiliary Disease in Horses > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary Disease in Horses Flashcards

1
Q

What is Theiler’s Disease?

A

Acute serum hepatitis

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hepatitis and hepatic failure in horses?

A

Acute serum hepatitis/Theiler’s Disease

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3
Q

What iatrogenic method might acute serum hepatitis/Theiler’s Dz be assoc. w/?

A

Tetanus antitoxin administration

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4
Q

What is the etiology of chronic active hepatitis?

A

Unknown

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5
Q

How might hepatocytes appear with chronic active hepatitis?

A

Normals

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6
Q

What age range does acute hepatitis/Theiler’s Dz affect?

A

Adult horses

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7
Q

What are clinical signs of Theiler’s Dz?

A

Acute depression, anorexia, severe icterus, photosensitization, pica

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8
Q

How do you dx Theiler’s Dz?

A

Histo: hepatic necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate w/mononuclear cells and neutrophils

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9
Q

How do you tx Theiler’s Dz?

A

IVFT, dextrose, anti-inflammatories

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10
Q

What is the prognosis for Theiler’s Dz?

A

Good if there are no signs of hepatoencephalopathy

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11
Q

What clinical signs worsen the px of Theiler’s Dz?

A

Bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy

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12
Q

What are clinical signs of chronic active hepatitis?

A

Same as acute but more chronic and progressive

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13
Q

What will you see on histo of chronic active hepatitis?

A

Fibrosis, normal hepatocytes

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14
Q

How do you tx chronic active hepatitis?

A

Steroids, IVFT, abx if cholangiohepatitis present

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15
Q

What is the px for chronic active hepatitis?

A

Fair to good if only early hepatic changes and responsive to steroids

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16
Q

Chronic progressive intoxication resulting from plant consumption

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity

17
Q

What plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

A

Senecio, fiddleneck, groundsel, ragwort

18
Q

What is the pathophysiology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

A

Absorbed in GI, metabolized to pyrroles which cross-link DNA to cause an anti-mitotic effect

19
Q

What happens when hepatocytes cannot divide?

A

Megalocytes form, cell death, fibrosis

20
Q

What are clinical signs of pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox?

A

Non-specific liver dz signs, wt loss, icterus, photosensitization

21
Q

How do you dx pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox?

A

Fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, megalocytosis

22
Q

How do you treat pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox?

A

Remove plant, supportive care

23
Q

What plant contains hypericin?

A

St. John’s wort, Erodium, Brassica

24
Q

What does hypericin cause?

A

Large areas of skin sloughing

25
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction do horses have to tetanus antitoxin that causes Theiler’s Dz?

A

Type 3

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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