Foal Septicemia and Failure of Passive Transfer Flashcards
When does sepsis usually affect a foal?
Neonatal period (<10-14d old)
What factors predispose to neonatal sepsis?
Failure of passive transfer, placentitis, complicated birth, maternal illness
What are routes of introduction of pathogenic bacteria to the neonatal foal?
Inhalation, ingestion, wounds, umbilicus
What is considered adequate colostrum intake?
IgG >800mg/dL
What is sepsis?
Systemic dz caused by circulating microorganisms and their products
If two or more of what clinical changes are present, sepsis/SIRS should be suspected
Tachycardia/pnea, leukopenia/cytosis, >10% band neutrophils, hyper/hypothermia
What defines infection?
Positive bacterial culture (blood culture)
What immune mediators respond to bacterial endotoxins?
TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6
When does SIRS occur?
When inflammatory response is uncontrolled
What are common septic isolates in horses?
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Staph
What is he most common isolate cultures from foals w/neonatal sepsis?
E. coli
How will a CBC change with sepsis?
Leukopenia, neutropenia, left shift, toxic neutrophils
How will serum lactate change w/sepsis?
High serum lactate
How will glucose change w/sepsis?
Hypoglycemia
What are complications of foal sepsis?
Septic arthritis/physitis, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis
