Misc Toxicology of Small Animals Flashcards
What does xylitol tox cause in dogs?
Rapid release of insulin = hypoglycemia
What are clinical sings of xylitol tox?
V+, weakness, ataxia, depression, seizures/coma
What e-lyte abnormality is most concerning to watch out for with xylitol toxicity?
Hypokalemia
How do you treat xylitol tox?
IVFT w/dextrose, hepatoprotectants (SAMe) if necessary
What is the MoA of a black widow spider bite?
Acetylcholine in the toxin binds Ca channels
What does a black widow spider bite cause?
Ascending motor paralysis and destruction of peripheral nerves
What is the genus of black widow spiders?
Lactrodectus mactans/hesperus
How do black widow spider bite victims die?
Respiratory/CV failure
What are clinical signs of a black widow spider bite?
Recumbency, vocalizing, pain, rigidity w/muscle spasms
Why are fleet enemas dangerous?
High in phosphorus
How does a fleet enema affect calcium?
HypoCa
What are clinical signs of fleet enema tox?
Hypocalcemia signs like weakness, shock, tremors, and seizures
How do you tx fleet enema tox?
Ca gluconate, phosphorus binders
Other than hypoCa, what other electrolyte abnormalities can a fleet enema cause?
Hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia
How do you treat hyperkalemia assoc. w/fleet enema tox?
Insulin and dextrose
What is strychnine found in?
Snail bate
What is the MoA of strychnine?
Competitively antagonizes action of glycine
What is the pathophysiology of strychnine toxicity?
Loss of impulse contractility in spinal cord and brain
What tissue is most affected by strychnine tox?
Striated muscle
How do you treat strychnine tox?
Methocarbamol (prevent convulsions) and minimize stimulation
In which type of chocolate is methylxanthines most highly concentrated?
Unsweetened baking chocolate (and dark chocolate)
What are examples of methylxanthine?
Caffeine, theobromide
Which toxin alters activity of sodium ion channels to increase length of depolarization in cats?
Pyrethrins
What are clinical signs of pyrethrin toxiciosis?
Depression, hypersalivation, ataxia, muscle tremors
How do you treat pyrethrin tox?
Methocarbamol, bathe