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GI/Nutritional Disorders > Protozoa in Small Animals > Flashcards

Protozoa in Small Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common Giardia spp. in dogs?

A

G. duodenalis

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2
Q

What are clinical signs of Giardia?

A

Sometimes none, D+/colitis, wt loss/anorexia rare

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3
Q

What is the route of transmission of Giardia?

A

Fecal-oral ingestion of cyst

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4
Q

Where do Giardia cysts live in the environment?

A

Contaminated water/feces

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5
Q

Does Giardia have an intermediate host?

A

No

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6
Q

How do you dx Giardia?

A

Direct smear w/saline, fecal float w/centrifugation, ELISA, PCR

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7
Q

What features of Giardia make diagnosis difficult?

A

Intermittent shedding

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8
Q

How do you treat Giardia in dogs and cats?

A

No approved treatment, Fenbendazole, Metronidazole, or both

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9
Q

Is Giardia zoonotic?

A

Zoonotic risk not established

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10
Q

What organisms cause Coccidiosis?

A

Eimeria spp. and Isospora spp.

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11
Q

Which coccidia is considered a pseudoparasite in dogs/cats?

A

Eimeria

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12
Q

Which Isospora spp. affect cats?

A

C. felis/rivolta

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13
Q

Which Isospora spp affect dogs?

A

C. canis/ohioensis/neorivolta/burrowsi

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14
Q

Are canine and feline coccidia zoonotic to humans?

A

No

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15
Q

What are clinical signs of coccidiosis?

A

D+/colitis, wt loss and dehydration in young animals

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16
Q

How are coccidia transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infective sporulated oocysts from env., ingestion of infected transport hosts

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17
Q

How do you dx coccidia?

A

Fecal float

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18
Q

How do you treat coccida?

A

Sulfadimethoxine (approved); Ponazuril, TMPS (other)

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19
Q

What is the most common feline tritrichomonas infection?

A

T. blagburni (formerly T. foetus)

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20
Q

Is feline Tritrichomonas zoonotic to humans?

A

No

21
Q

Where in the cat does T. foetus live?

A

Colon and cecum

22
Q

What is the route of transmission of T. foetus?

A

Fecal-oral

23
Q

What are clinical signs of T. foetus?

A

Chronic and intermittent D+

24
Q

How do you dx T. foetus?

A

Direct fecal smear, PCR, culture

25
Q

What type of movement does T. foetus have on a fecal smear?

A

Jerky and radnom

26
Q

What type of movement does Giardia have on fecal smear?

A

“Falling leaf”

27
Q

How do you treat T. foetus?

A

Ronidazole

28
Q

What is a possible side effect of Ronidazole?

A

Neurotoxicity

29
Q

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasmosis gondii?

A

Cats

30
Q

How is T. gondii transmitted?

A

Acquired via ingestion of oocytes or bradyzoites

Congenital via transplacental/mammary passage of tachyzoites

31
Q

How do you dx T. gondii?

A

Fecal float for oocysts, IFA, ELISA, PCR

32
Q

How can IFA and ELISA tell you if there is an active T. gondii infection?

A

Rise in IgG over 2-3wk

High IgM

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for T. gondii?

A

Clindamycin

34
Q

Is T. gondii zoonotic?

A

Yes, serious risk causing congenital defects

35
Q

What is the definitive host of Neospora caninum?

A

Dogs

36
Q

What are modes of N. caninum transmission?

A

Acquired via ingestion of oocysts or cattle tissue w/bradyzoites
Congenital via tranplacental passage of tachyzoites

37
Q

What do young dogs infected with N. caninum usually present with?

A

Ascending paralysis

38
Q

What are clinical signs of N. caninum in older dogs?

A

Neuro, resp, and/or derm signs

39
Q

How do you dx N. caninum?

A

Fecal float for oocysts, IFA, direct agglutination, ELISA, PCR

40
Q

How do you treat N. caninum?

A

Clindamycin, TMPS + pyrimethamine

41
Q

How long do you treat for N. caninum?

A

4+ weeks

42
Q

Which Cryptosporidium specie affects dogs?

A

C. canis

43
Q

Which Cryptosporidium specie affects cats?

A

C. felis

44
Q

How is Crypto transmitted?

A

Fecal oral via sporulated oocysts

45
Q

How do you dx Crypto?

A

Fecal float and direct smear, ELISA, IFA

46
Q

How do you treat Crypto?

A

Nitazoxanide (Alinia), Tylosin, Azithromycin

47
Q

Pear shaped binulceate organism

A

Giardia

48
Q

How many nuclei does Tritrichomonas foetus have?

A

One

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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