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GI/Nutritional Disorders > Cestodes and Nematodes in Small Animals > Flashcards

Cestodes and Nematodes in Small Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definitive host of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Dogs and cats

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2
Q

Where in the dog/cat does D. caninum live?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

What clinical signs does D. caninum cause?

A

Sometimes none, scooting d/t perianal irritation, non-specific GI signs

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4
Q

How is D. caninum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of fleas/lice (intermediate host)

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5
Q

How does D. caninum spread from the dog/cat?

A

Gravid proglottids passed in feces

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6
Q

How do you dx D. caninum?

A

Break open proglottid to visualize egg w/saline

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7
Q

Why is ID of D. caninum difficult on fecal float?

A

Eggs don’t consistently float, proglottids don’t uniformly distribute in feces

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8
Q

How do you prevent D. caninum infestation?

A

Good flea and lice control

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9
Q

Is D. caninum zoonotic?

A

Yes

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10
Q

How do you treat D. caninum?

A

Praziquantel

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11
Q

What is the most common Taenia spp to affect dogs?

A

T. pisiformis

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12
Q

What Taenia spp affects cats?

A

T. taeniaeformis

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of Taenia infection?

A

Sometimes none, scooting, GI impaction

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14
Q

How is T. pisiformis transmitted to dogs?

A

Ingestion of rabbit (int. host) tissue that contain cystercerci

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15
Q

How is T. taeniaeformis transmitted to cats?

A

Ingestion of rodent (int. host) tissue that contain strobilocerci

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16
Q

How do you dx Taenia?

A

Proglottids in feces, high specific gravity fecal float

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17
Q

What other organism do Taenia eggs look like under the microscope?

A

Echinococcus eggs

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18
Q

How do you prevent Taenia infection?

A

Elimination of predatory activities

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19
Q

How do you treat Taenia in dogs and cats?

A

Praziquantel, fenbendazole

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20
Q

What are clinical signs of Echinococcus?

A

Sometimes none, alveolar = resp signs

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21
Q

What is the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Dogs

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22
Q

Where do E. granulosus live in the host?

A

Small intestine

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23
Q

What is the intermediate host of E.granulosus?

A

Ungulates

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24
Q

How is E. granulosus transmitted to dogs?

A

Ingestion of int. host tissue containing hydatid cysts

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25
Q

How do you dx E. granulosus?

A

High sp. gravity fecal float

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26
Q

What is the intermediate host of E. multilocularis (dogs) and E. multiloculari (cats)?

A

Rodents

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27
Q

How do dogs and cats become infected with E. multiloculari/multilocularis?

A

Ingestion of int host containing multilocular cysts

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28
Q

How do you dx E. multilocularis/loculari?

A

CELISA or PCR

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29
Q

How do you treat Echinococcus spp?

A

Praziquantel

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30
Q

What are clinical signs of Toxocara spp?

A

Sometimes none, V+/D+, difficulty gaining weight, unthriftiness, pot-bellied puppies/kittens

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31
Q

What age group is more severely affected by a high Toxocara or Ancylostoma burden?

A

Puppies and kittens - can be life threatening

32
Q

Where do Toxocara spp live in the host?

A

Small intestines

33
Q

How do Toxocara spp. get to the small intestine of the host?

A

Migrate through liver/lungs, coughed up and swallowed

34
Q

Is Toxocara or Ancylostoma assoc. w/visceral larval migrans in humans?

A

Toxocara canis

35
Q

What does Ancylostoma caninum cause in humans?

A

Cutaneous larval migrans

36
Q

What is the most common transmission route of T. canis?

A

Transplacental/transuterine

37
Q

How do you dx Toxocara spp?

A

Fecal float

38
Q

How is T. cati transmitted?

A

Ingestion of eggs w/L2 larvae, ingestion of paratenic host, transmammary

39
Q

How is Toxocara leonina different from other Toxocara spp?

A

Migration outside GIT does not occur

40
Q

How do you treat Toxocara?

A

Fenbendazole, Moxidectin, Pyrantel, Milbemycin

41
Q

What are clinical signs of Ancylostoma spp?

A

Sometimes none, D+, anemia, lethargy, melena, wt loss

42
Q

What is the most important route of transmission for Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Transmammary

43
Q

How do you dx Ancylostoma spp?

A

Fecal float

44
Q

How is A. tubaeforme transmitted to cats?

A

Ingestion of L3, skin penetration

45
Q

Does A. tubaeforme have transplacental or transmammary transmission?

A

No

46
Q

Which species does A. tubaeforme affect?

A

Cats

47
Q

Which species does A. caninum affect?

A

Dogs

48
Q

Which species does A. braziliense affect?

A

Dogs and cats

49
Q

How do you treat adult A. caninum?

A

Fenbendazole, Milbemycin, Moxidectin, Pyrantel

50
Q

How do you treat L4 A. caninum?

A

Moxidectin

51
Q

How do you treat A. tubaeforme?

A

Emodepside, Ivermectin, Pyrantel, Milbemycin, Moxidectin

52
Q

How do you treat L4 A. tubaeforme in intestines?

A

Emodepside, Moxidectin

53
Q

How do you treat A. braziliense in dogs?

A

Pyrantel

54
Q

What is the most common route of infection of U. stenocephala in dogs?

A

Oral

55
Q

How do you dx. U. stenocephala?

A

Fecal float

56
Q

How do you treat U. stenocephala?

A

Pyrantel, fenbendazole, Moxidectin

57
Q

What are clinical signs of Trichuris?

A

Sometimes none, D+/hemorrhagic feces/tenesmus

58
Q

Which nematode infection can cause “pseudo-Addison’s”?

A

Trichuris spp.

59
Q

Which nematode has very resistant eggs that can persist for years in the environment?

A

Trichurs spp.

60
Q

What are more severe clinical signs of Trichuris?

A

Wt loss, anemia, lethargy, V+

61
Q

What is the definitive host of T. vulpis?

A

Dogs

62
Q

Where in the host does T. vulpis live?

A

Mainly cecum

63
Q

How is T. vulpis transmitted to dogs?

A

Ingestion of L2 stage eggs

64
Q

How do you dx T. vulpis?

A

Fecal float w/centrifugation and high sp. gravity

65
Q

Why are T. vulpis difficult to dx of fecal foat?

A

Intermittent shedding, small # of eggs

66
Q

How do you treat T. vulpis?

A

Febantel + Pyrantel, Drontal Plus, Fenbendazole for 3d

67
Q

What medication does NOT treat A. caninum?

A

Praziquantel

68
Q

What does an A. caninum egg look like?

A

Thin wall w/2-8 cells

69
Q

If you have a cough in a young puppy, what parasite might you suspect?

A

Toxocara canis

70
Q

Which canine parasite causes visceral and ocular larval migrans in humans?

A

T. canis (roundworm)

71
Q

Which canine parasite causes cutaneous larval migrans in humans?

A

A. caninum (hookworm)

72
Q

What tapeworm is fatally pathogenic in humans and what does it cause?

A

Echinococcus granulosis causes hydatid cyst disease

73
Q

How do you treat E. granulosus?

A

Praziquantel

74
Q

What do Dipylidium caninum proglottids look like in feces?

A

White rice

75
Q

What is the intermediate host of D. caninum?

A

Fleas

76
Q

How many sporocysts do Eimeria eggs have?

A

4

77
Q

How do you treat Eimeria infection in birds?

A

Fluconazole

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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