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toxicity and side effects Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen toxicity anti-dote.

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

AchE inhibitor and organophosphate toxicity anti-dote.

A

atropine followed by pralidoxime

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3
Q

Amphetamine toxicity anti-dote.

A

NH4Cl (acidify urine).

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4
Q

Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic toxicity anti-dote.

A

physostigmine salicylate (control hyperthermia)

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5
Q

Benzo toxicity anti-dote.

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

Beta-blocker toxicity anti-dote.

A

Glucagon

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7
Q

Carbon monoxide toxicity anti-dote.

A

100% O2, hyperbaric O2.

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8
Q

copper, arsenic, gold toxicity anti-dote.

A

Penicillamine

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9
Q

Cyanide toxicity anti-dote.

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamine

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10
Q

Digitalis toxicity anti-dote.

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

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11
Q

Heparin toxicity anti-dote.

A

protamine sulfate

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12
Q

Iron toxicity anti-dote.

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox

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13
Q

Lead toxicity anti-dote.

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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14
Q

Mercury, arsenic, gold toxicity anti-dote.

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

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15
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) toxicity anti-dote.

A

Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

Methemoglobin toxicity anti-dote.

A

Methylene blue, Vitamin C.

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17
Q

opioid toxicity anti-dote.

A

naloxone.

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18
Q

salicylate toxicity anti-dote.

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis.

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19
Q

TCA toxicity anti-dote.

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization).

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20
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase toxicity anti-dote.

A

Aminocaproic acid.

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21
Q

Warfarin toxicity anti-dote.

A

Vitamin K, plasma (if active bleeding).

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22
Q

can cause coronary vasospasm.

A

Cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids.

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23
Q

can cause cutaneous flushing

A

vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, CCB

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24
Q

can cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin, daunorubicin

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25
Q

can cause torsades de pointes.

A

Class 3 (beta-blockers) and Class 1A (Na channel blockers: quinidine) anti-arrhythmics, macrolides, antipsychotics, TCAs.

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26
Q

can cause adrenocortical insufficiency.

A

glucocorticoid withdrawal

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27
Q

can cause hot flashes.

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

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28
Q

can cause hyperglycemia.

A

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, Beta-blockers, CS.

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29
Q

can cause hypothyroidism.

A

lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

30
Q

can cause acute cholestatic hepatitis/jaundice

A

erythromycin

31
Q

can cause diarrhea

A

metformin, erythromycin, colchicine, orlistat, acarbose

32
Q

can cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

33
Q

can cause hepatitis

A

isoniazid (INH)

34
Q

can cause pancreatitis

A

didanosine, CS, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics

35
Q

can cause pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins

36
Q

can cause agranulocytosis.

A

Dapsone, Clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, Propylthiouracil

37
Q

can cause aplastic anemia

A

carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Proplythiouracil

38
Q

can cause direct coombs + hemolytic anemia

A

methyldopa, panicillin

39
Q

can cause gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

40
Q

can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

INH, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

41
Q

can cause Megaloblastic anemia

A

Phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs

42
Q

can cause Thrombocytopenia

A

heparin, cimetidine

43
Q

can cause thrombotic complications

A

OCPs (estrogen)

44
Q

can cause fat redistribution

A

Protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

45
Q

can cause gingival hyperplasia

A

phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine

46
Q

can cause hyperuricemia (gout)

A

pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

47
Q

can cause myopathy

A

fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-alpha, penicillamine, statins, GC

48
Q

can cause osteoperosis

A

CS, heparin

49
Q

can cause photosensitivity

A

Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline, 5-FU

50
Q

can cause rash/stevens-johnson

A

anti-epileptic, allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

51
Q

can cause SLE-like effects

A

Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept

52
Q

can cause teeth discoloration

A

tetracyclines

53
Q

can cause tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

54
Q

can cause cinchonism (flushed and sweaty skin, tinnitus, blurred vision)

55
Q

can cause PArkinson-like syndrome

A

antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

56
Q

can cause seizures

A

INH, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide

57
Q

can cause traditive dyskinesia

A

antipsychotics, metoclopramide

58
Q

can cause diabetes insipidus

A

lithium, demeclocycline

59
Q

can cause fanconi syndrome

A

expired tetracycline

60
Q

can cause hemorrhagic cystitis

A

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

61
Q

can cause interstitial nephritis

A

methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

62
Q

can cause SIADH

A

carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRI

63
Q

can cause dry cough

A

ACE inhibitor

64
Q

can cause pulmonary fibrosis

A

Bleomycin, amiodarone, Busulfan, methotrexate

65
Q

can cause antimuscarinic side effects

A

Atropine, TCA, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

66
Q

can cause disulfiram-like rxn

A

Metronidazole, cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st-gen sulfonylureas

67
Q

can cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

A

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin

68
Q

P450 inducers

A

Chronic alcohol, Modafinil, St. Johns Wart, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, NEvirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine

69
Q

P450 substrates

A

anti-epileptics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, theophylline, Warfarin, statins, OCPs

70
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

acute alcohol abuse, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir

71
Q

sulfa drugs

A

Probenecid, Furosemide, acetazolemide, celecoxib, thiazides, sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas.

Pharm (17 decks)

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