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neuro/psych Flashcards

1
Q

Long-acting oral opiate. used for heroin and opioid detox and long-term maintenance

A

methadone

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2
Q

opioid receptor antagonist. used to treat opioid/heroin toxicity. often in conjunction with buprenorphine.

A

naloxone

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3
Q

partial opioid agonist. long acting. used to treat withdrawal symptoms in opioid/heroin detox. often with naloxone.

A

buprenorphine

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4
Q

long-acting opioid receptor antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified of opioid/herion abuse. also used to treat alcoholism.

A

naltrexone

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5
Q

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, allowing acetaldehyde accumulation and hangover symptoms to treat alcoholism

A

disulfiram

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6
Q

ADHD

A

methylphenidate

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7
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazapines

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8
Q

anxiety

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, buspirone

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9
Q

bipolar disorder

A

“mood stabilizers”: lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine. atypical anti-psychotics

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10
Q

bulimia

A

SSRIs

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11
Q

depression

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, bupropion, mirtazapine

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12
Q

OCD

A

SSRIs, clopiramine

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13
Q

Panic disorder

A

SSRIs, vanlafaxine, benzodiazapine

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14
Q

PTSD

A

SSRIs

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A

anti-psychotics

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16
Q

Social phobia

A

SSRIs, Beta-blockers

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17
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Anti-psychotics (haloperidol, risperidone)

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18
Q

increase catecholamines at synaptic cleft. treat ADHD and narcolepsy.

A

CNS stimulants: methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine.

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19
Q

block D2 receptors to increase cAMP. treat schizophrenia (pos symp), psychosis, mania, Tourette syndrome.

A

typical anti-psychotics: haloperinol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine.

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20
Q

varied effects on 5-HT2, dopamine, alpha- and H1-receptors. treat schizophrenia (+ and - sympt), OCD, anxiety, depression, mania, tourettes.

A

atypical anti-psychotics: Onlazapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidole.

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21
Q

mechanism not understood. mood stabilizer for bipolar, blocks relapse and acute manic events. also SIADH.

A

lithium

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22
Q

stimulates 5-HT1a receptor. treat: generalized anxiety disorder.

A

buspirone

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23
Q

5-HT reuptake inhibitors. treat: depression, GAD, panic, OCD, bulemia, social phobias, PTSD.

A

SSRI: fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram.

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24
Q

inhibit 5-Ht and NE reuptake. treat: depression, GAD, panic disorder.

A

SNRI: venlafaxine, duloxetine.

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25
Q

block reuptake of NE and 5-H, some dopamine effects. treat: MAjor depression, OCD, and fibromyalgia

A

TCS: -triptylines, -ipramines, and doxepin and amoxapine.

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26
Q

non-selective MAO ihibition, increases levels of NE, dopamine, and 5-HT. treat: atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis.

A

MOA inhibitors: tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegiline.

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27
Q

atypical anti-depressant. treat: depression and smoking cessation. increase NE and dopamine.

A

Bupropion

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28
Q

atypical anti-depressant. alpha-2 antagonist so increase NE and 5-HT release, potent 5-HT2 and 3 receptor antagonist.

A

Mirtazapine

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29
Q

atypical anti-depressant. treat: depression and insomnia. block 5-HT and alpha-1 receptors.

A

trazadone

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30
Q

decrease aqueous humor synth via vasoconstriction. treat glaucoma. SE; blurry vision

A

alpha-agonists: epinephrine, bromonidine (alpha-2)

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31
Q

decrease aqueous humor synth. treat glaucoma. SE; no pupillary or vision changes

A

Beta-blockers: timolol, betaxolol, carteolol.

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32
Q

decrease aqueous humor synth via inhibition of carbonic acid. treat glaucoma. SE; no pupillary or vision changes

A

diuretic: acetazolemide

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33
Q

increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trebecular meshwork. SE: miosis and cyclospasm.

A

cholinomimetics: direct: pilocarpine, carbachol. indirect: physostigmine, echothiophate.

34
Q

increase outflow of aqueous humor. treat glaucoma. SE: darkens color of the iris.

A

prostaglandin: latanoprost (PGF2alpha)

35
Q

open K+ channels and close Ca2+ channels (hyperpolarize). inhibit release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, and substance P. treat: pain, cough suppression.

A

opioids: morphine, fentanyl, codeine, loperamide, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan, diphenoxylate.

36
Q

mu-opioid receptor partial agonist. kappa-opioid receptor agonist. treat: severe pain. less respiratory distress than full opioids.

A

Butorphanol

37
Q

very weak opioid agonist. also inhibits serotonin and NE re-uptake. treat: chronic pain.

A

tramadol

38
Q

blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels. first line for absence seizures. SE: GI, fatigue,Stevens-Johnson.

A

Ethosuxamide

39
Q

increase GABA channel open frequency. first line for acute status epilepticus.

A

Benzodiazapines: diazepam and porazepam,

40
Q

inactivate Na+ channels. zero-order kinetics. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic (first line), and status epilepticus (prophylaxis).

A

phenytoin

41
Q

inactivate Na+ channels. treat: firt line for simple, complex, and tonic-clonic.

A

carbamazepine

42
Q

inactivate Na+ channels and increase GABA con’c by inactivating GABA transaminase. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic (first line), and absence, bi-polar.

A

Valproic acid

43
Q

inhibits high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. GABA analogue. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.

A

Gabapentin

44
Q

increase GABA channel length of opening. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.

A

phenobarbital (barbiturate).

45
Q

block Na+ channels and increase GABA action. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic. migraine prevention

A

topiramate

46
Q

block voltage-gated Na+ channels. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic, absence. SE: Stevens-Johnson

A

lamotrigine.

47
Q

unknown mechanism. may modulate GABA and glutamate release. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.

A

levetiracetam

48
Q

increase GABA con’c by inhibiting re-uptake. treat: simple, clonic.

A

tiagabine

49
Q

increase GABA con’c by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. treat: simple and clonic.

A

vigabatrin

50
Q

facilitate GABA by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization). sedative used for anxiety, seizure, and insomnia.

A

barbiturates: phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital.

51
Q

facilitate GABA by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization). Anxiety, status epilepticus, hypnotic.

A

benzodiazepine: diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam….

52
Q

competitive antagonist the the GABA benzodiapazapine receptor. treat benzo overdose

A

flumazenil

53
Q

act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor. treat: insomnia.

A

non-benzo hypnotics: zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone

54
Q

inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE; hepatotoxic

A

halothane

55
Q

inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: nephrotoxic

A

methoxyflurane

56
Q

inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: proconvulsant.

A

enflurane

57
Q

inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity

A

Nitrous oxide

58
Q

inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. other

A

isoflurane, sevoflurane

59
Q

prevent Ca2+ release from SR in skeletal muscle. treat malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

A

dantrolene

60
Q

high potency, high lipid soluble IV anesthesia. used for induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures.

A

thiopental (barbiturate)

61
Q

IV anesthetic used for endoscopy and adjunctively w/gaseous anesthetic and narcotics.

A

midazolam (benzodiazapine)

62
Q

IV anesthetic. PCP analogue. Blocks NMDA receptor. causes disorientation, hallucination, and bad dreams.

A

Ketamine

63
Q

opioids used as IV anesthetics with other CNS depressants during general anaesthesia. open K+ channel and block Ca2+ channel.

A

morphine and fenatanyl

64
Q

IV anesthetic. potentiates GABA. use: sedation, rapid anesthesia, and short procedures. less post-op nausea.

A

Propofol

65
Q

Local anesthetics, esters. block active Na channels. use: minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia.

A

Esters: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine. (one or no “i”)

66
Q

Local anesthetics, amides. block active Na channels. use: minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia. if allergic to esters

A

amides: Lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine (2 “i”s)

67
Q

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug. string ACh receptor agonist. produces sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction.

A

succinylcholine

68
Q

non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug. competitive ACh receptor antagonist. reversal: cholinesterase inhibitor.

A

Tubocurarine, -curium, -curonium.

69
Q

dopamine agonists. treat parkinson’s.

A

bromocriptine (ergot), pramipexole, ropinirole (non-ergot)

70
Q

increase dopamine release. treat: Parkinson’s. also an antiviral for influenza and rubella

A

amantandine

71
Q

selective MAO type B inhibitors. prevent dopamine breakdown. given w/L-dopa. treat: Parkinson’s

A

selegiline

72
Q

COMT inhibitors. prevent L-dopa breakdown. treat: Parkinson’s

A

entacapone, tolcapone

73
Q

crosses BBB and converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase. increase dopamine level in brain. treat parkinson’s.

A

L-dopa

74
Q

peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. given with L-dopa to increase bioavailability in the brain and decrease peripheral SEs.

A

carbidopa

75
Q

anti-muscarinic. blocks excess ACh effects in Parkinson’s. improves tremor and rigidity.

A

Benztropine

76
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist (ca2+ channel). helps prevent excitotoxicity. treat alzheimer’s.

A

memantine

77
Q

ACh esterase inhibitros. treat alzneimer’s.

A

donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

78
Q

inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release. treat Huntington’s

A

tatrabenzine and reserpine

79
Q

dopamine receptor antagonist. treat: Huntington’s disease

A

haloperidol

80
Q

5-HT1B/D agonist. inhibit trigeminal nerve release of vasoactive peptide. induces vasoconstriction. treat: acute migraines, cluster headaches.

A

sumatriptan

Pharm (17 decks)

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