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neuro/psych Flashcards

1
Q

Long-acting oral opiate. used for heroin and opioid detox and long-term maintenance

A

methadone

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2
Q

opioid receptor antagonist. used to treat opioid/heroin toxicity. often in conjunction with buprenorphine.

A

naloxone

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3
Q

partial opioid agonist. long acting. used to treat withdrawal symptoms in opioid/heroin detox. often with naloxone.

A

buprenorphine

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4
Q

long-acting opioid receptor antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified of opioid/herion abuse. also used to treat alcoholism.

A

naltrexone

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5
Q

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, allowing acetaldehyde accumulation and hangover symptoms to treat alcoholism

A

disulfiram

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6
Q

ADHD

A

methylphenidate

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7
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazapines

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8
Q

anxiety

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, buspirone

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9
Q

bipolar disorder

A

“mood stabilizers”: lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine. atypical anti-psychotics

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10
Q

bulimia

A

SSRIs

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11
Q

depression

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, bupropion, mirtazapine

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12
Q

OCD

A

SSRIs, clopiramine

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13
Q

Panic disorder

A

SSRIs, vanlafaxine, benzodiazapine

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14
Q

PTSD

A

SSRIs

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A

anti-psychotics

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16
Q

Social phobia

A

SSRIs, Beta-blockers

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17
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Anti-psychotics (haloperidol, risperidone)

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18
Q

increase catecholamines at synaptic cleft. treat ADHD and narcolepsy.

A

CNS stimulants: methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine.

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19
Q

block D2 receptors to increase cAMP. treat schizophrenia (pos symp), psychosis, mania, Tourette syndrome.

A

typical anti-psychotics: haloperinol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine.

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20
Q

varied effects on 5-HT2, dopamine, alpha- and H1-receptors. treat schizophrenia (+ and - sympt), OCD, anxiety, depression, mania, tourettes.

A

atypical anti-psychotics: Onlazapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidole.

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21
Q

mechanism not understood. mood stabilizer for bipolar, blocks relapse and acute manic events. also SIADH.

A

lithium

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22
Q

stimulates 5-HT1a receptor. treat: generalized anxiety disorder.

A

buspirone

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23
Q

5-HT reuptake inhibitors. treat: depression, GAD, panic, OCD, bulemia, social phobias, PTSD.

A

SSRI: fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram.

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24
Q

inhibit 5-Ht and NE reuptake. treat: depression, GAD, panic disorder.

A

SNRI: venlafaxine, duloxetine.

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25
block reuptake of NE and 5-H, some dopamine effects. treat: MAjor depression, OCD, and fibromyalgia
TCS: -triptylines, -ipramines, and doxepin and amoxapine.
26
non-selective MAO ihibition, increases levels of NE, dopamine, and 5-HT. treat: atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis.
MOA inhibitors: tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegiline.
27
atypical anti-depressant. treat: depression and smoking cessation. increase NE and dopamine.
Bupropion
28
atypical anti-depressant. alpha-2 antagonist so increase NE and 5-HT release, potent 5-HT2 and 3 receptor antagonist.
Mirtazapine
29
atypical anti-depressant. treat: depression and insomnia. block 5-HT and alpha-1 receptors.
trazadone
30
decrease aqueous humor synth via vasoconstriction. treat glaucoma. SE; blurry vision
alpha-agonists: epinephrine, bromonidine (alpha-2)
31
decrease aqueous humor synth. treat glaucoma. SE; no pupillary or vision changes
Beta-blockers: timolol, betaxolol, carteolol.
32
decrease aqueous humor synth via inhibition of carbonic acid. treat glaucoma. SE; no pupillary or vision changes
diuretic: acetazolemide
33
increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trebecular meshwork. SE: miosis and cyclospasm.
cholinomimetics: direct: pilocarpine, carbachol. indirect: physostigmine, echothiophate.
34
increase outflow of aqueous humor. treat glaucoma. SE: darkens color of the iris.
prostaglandin: latanoprost (PGF2alpha)
35
open K+ channels and close Ca2+ channels (hyperpolarize). inhibit release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, and substance P. treat: pain, cough suppression.
opioids: morphine, fentanyl, codeine, loperamide, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan, diphenoxylate.
36
mu-opioid receptor partial agonist. kappa-opioid receptor agonist. treat: severe pain. less respiratory distress than full opioids.
Butorphanol
37
very weak opioid agonist. also inhibits serotonin and NE re-uptake. treat: chronic pain.
tramadol
38
blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels. first line for absence seizures. SE: GI, fatigue,Stevens-Johnson.
Ethosuxamide
39
increase GABA channel open frequency. first line for acute status epilepticus.
Benzodiazapines: diazepam and porazepam,
40
inactivate Na+ channels. zero-order kinetics. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic (first line), and status epilepticus (prophylaxis).
phenytoin
41
inactivate Na+ channels. treat: firt line for simple, complex, and tonic-clonic.
carbamazepine
42
inactivate Na+ channels and increase GABA con'c by inactivating GABA transaminase. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic (first line), and absence, bi-polar.
Valproic acid
43
inhibits high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. GABA analogue. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.
Gabapentin
44
increase GABA channel length of opening. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.
phenobarbital (barbiturate).
45
block Na+ channels and increase GABA action. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic. migraine prevention
topiramate
46
block voltage-gated Na+ channels. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic, absence. SE: Stevens-Johnson
lamotrigine.
47
unknown mechanism. may modulate GABA and glutamate release. treat: simple, complex, tonic-clonic.
levetiracetam
48
increase GABA con'c by inhibiting re-uptake. treat: simple, clonic.
tiagabine
49
increase GABA con'c by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. treat: simple and clonic.
vigabatrin
50
facilitate GABA by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization). sedative used for anxiety, seizure, and insomnia.
barbiturates: phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital.
51
facilitate GABA by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization). Anxiety, status epilepticus, hypnotic.
benzodiazepine: diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam....
52
competitive antagonist the the GABA benzodiapazapine receptor. treat benzo overdose
flumazenil
53
act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor. treat: insomnia.
non-benzo hypnotics: zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
54
inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE; hepatotoxic
halothane
55
inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: nephrotoxic
methoxyflurane
56
inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: proconvulsant.
enflurane
57
inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. SE: expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity
Nitrous oxide
58
inhaled anesthetic. unknown mechanism. cause: myocardial and respiratory depression. other
isoflurane, sevoflurane
59
prevent Ca2+ release from SR in skeletal muscle. treat malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
dantrolene
60
high potency, high lipid soluble IV anesthesia. used for induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures.
thiopental (barbiturate)
61
IV anesthetic used for endoscopy and adjunctively w/gaseous anesthetic and narcotics.
midazolam (benzodiazapine)
62
IV anesthetic. PCP analogue. Blocks NMDA receptor. causes disorientation, hallucination, and bad dreams.
Ketamine
63
opioids used as IV anesthetics with other CNS depressants during general anaesthesia. open K+ channel and block Ca2+ channel.
morphine and fenatanyl
64
IV anesthetic. potentiates GABA. use: sedation, rapid anesthesia, and short procedures. less post-op nausea.
Propofol
65
Local anesthetics, esters. block active Na channels. use: minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia.
Esters: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine. (one or no "i")
66
Local anesthetics, amides. block active Na channels. use: minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia. if allergic to esters
amides: Lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine (2 "i"s)
67
depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug. string ACh receptor agonist. produces sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction.
succinylcholine
68
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug. competitive ACh receptor antagonist. reversal: cholinesterase inhibitor.
Tubocurarine, -curium, -curonium.
69
dopamine agonists. treat parkinson's.
bromocriptine (ergot), pramipexole, ropinirole (non-ergot)
70
increase dopamine release. treat: Parkinson's. also an antiviral for influenza and rubella
amantandine
71
selective MAO type B inhibitors. prevent dopamine breakdown. given w/L-dopa. treat: Parkinson's
selegiline
72
COMT inhibitors. prevent L-dopa breakdown. treat: Parkinson's
entacapone, tolcapone
73
crosses BBB and converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase. increase dopamine level in brain. treat parkinson's.
L-dopa
74
peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. given with L-dopa to increase bioavailability in the brain and decrease peripheral SEs.
carbidopa
75
anti-muscarinic. blocks excess ACh effects in Parkinson's. improves tremor and rigidity.
Benztropine
76
NMDA receptor antagonist (ca2+ channel). helps prevent excitotoxicity. treat alzheimer's.
memantine
77
ACh esterase inhibitros. treat alzneimer's.
donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
78
inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release. treat Huntington's
tatrabenzine and reserpine
79
dopamine receptor antagonist. treat: Huntington's disease
haloperidol
80
5-HT1B/D agonist. inhibit trigeminal nerve release of vasoactive peptide. induces vasoconstriction. treat: acute migraines, cluster headaches.
sumatriptan

Pharm (17 decks)

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