Renal pharm

Question 1

Osmotic diuretic. decrease. treat: drug OD, increased intracranial and intraocular pressure. tSE: pulmonary edema, dehydration

Answer 1

Mannitol

Question 2

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. NaHCO3 diuresis and decrease total-body HCO3-. use: glaucoma, alkalinize urine, metabolic alkalosis. SE: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

Inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in ascending limb. stimulates PGE release. inhibited by NSAIDS. Ca2+ excretion. USE: edematous state, HTN, hypercalcemia. SE: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, sulfa drug allergy, nephritis, gout

Answer 3

Loop diuretic: furosemide

Question 4

loop diuretic, not a sulfonamide. diuresis in patients w/sulfa allergies.

Answer 4

ethacrynic acid

Question 5

inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule. decrease Ca excretion. use: HTN, CHF, hypercalcemia. SE: sulfa allergy hypokalemia/natremia, hyperglycemia/lipidemia/uricemia/calcemia.

Answer 5

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 6

competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule.K+ sparring. use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF. SE: hyperkalemia, anti-androgen effects.

Answer 6

spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 7

ENaC channel blocker in the cortical collecting tubule.K+ sparring. use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF. SE: hyperkalemia.

Answer 7

triamterene and amiloride

Question 8

inhibit ang1 to ang2. dilate efferent arterioles (decrease GFR. increase renin (loss neg feedback). prevent bradykinin breakdown. use: HTN, CHF, proteinuria, nephropathy. SE: cough, angioedema, teratogen.

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors: captopril, enalopril, lisinopril

Question 9

Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker. same effects as ACE inhibitors but allows bradykinin breakdown, so less cough and angioedema.

Answer 9

losartan (other -sartans)