respiratory

Question 1

first gen H1 blocker. use: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid. SE: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic.

Answer 1

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Question 2

2nd gen H1 blockers. use: allergy. SE: far less sedation because decreased entry into CNS.

Answer 2

loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Question 3

expectorant, thins respiration secretions. does not suppress cough reflex.

Answer 3

Guaifenesin

Question 4

mucolytic. can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. also used as antidote in acetaminophen OD.

Answer 4

N-acetylcysteine

Question 5

Antitussive (suppress cough reflex) by antagonizing the NDMA glutamate receptor. synthetic codeine analog. mild opioid effect in excess (treat w/naloxone)

Answer 5

Dextromethorphan

Question 6

sympathomimetic alpha-agonist. nonprescription nasal decongestant. reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. SE: HTN,CNS stimulation/anxiety.

Answer 6

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Question 7

short acting Beta-2 agonist. relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. used during acute asthma attack.

Answer 7

`albuterol

Question 8

long acting Beta-2 agonist. asthma prophylaxis. SE: tremor and arrhythmia.

Answer 8

Salmeterol, formoterol

Question 9

causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterases causing increased cAMP. narrow therapeutic index. P450 metabolism. SE: cardio and nephrotoxic. blocks adenosine.

Answer 9

methylxanthines: theophylline

Question 10

competitive muscarinic antagonist. prevent bronchospasm. . also used for COPD.

Answer 10

ipratropium

Question 11

inhaled CS. inhibit virtually all cytokines. inactivate NF-kB. 1st line for chronic asthma.

Answer 11

beclomethasone, fluticasone

Question 12

block leukotriene receptors. especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.

Answer 12

montelukast, zafirlukast

Question 13

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.

Answer 13

zileuton

Question 14

mAb against IgE. blocks binding to FceRI and thus activation. used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs.

Answer 14

omalizumab

Question 15

muscarinic receptor agonist. used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma.

Answer 15

methacholine

Question 16

treat pulmonary arterial HTN. competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance.

Answer 16

Bosentan