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Pharm > autonomic drugs > Flashcards

autonomic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptors

A

ligand-gated Na/K channels. Nn= autonomic ganglia. Nm= neuromuscular junction.

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2
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

G-protein coupled. parasympathetic. 5 subtypes

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3
Q

alpha-1 receptor

A

Gq. sympathetic. vasoconstriction, pupil dilation (mydriasis), intestinal and bladder sphincter contraction.

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4
Q

alpha-2 receptor

A

Gi. sympathetic. negative feedback, decrease sympathetic outflow. decrease insulin release.

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5
Q

Beta-1 receptor

A

Gs. sympathetic. increase HR, contractility, renin release, lipolysis.

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6
Q

Beta-2 receptor

A

Gs. sympathetic. vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase insulin release, decrease uterine tone, increase aqueous humor.

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7
Q

M1 receptor

A

Gq. para-sympathetic. CNS, enteric nervous system.

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8
Q

M2 receptor

A

Gi. parasympathetic. decrease HR and contractility.

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9
Q

M3 receptor

A

Gq. parasympathetic. exocrine gland secretion, gut motility, bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction, miosis, accommodation.

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10
Q

D1 receptor

A

Gs. Dopamine. relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle.

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11
Q

D2 receptor

A

Gi. Dopamine. Modulates transmitter release, especially in brain (decrease in parkinsons, increase in psychosis).

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12
Q

H1-receptor

A

Gq. Histamine. nasa/bronchiole mucus secretion, increase vascular permeability, contraction of bronchioles, pruritis, pain. Allergic responce

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13
Q

H2 receptor

A

Gs. Histamine. increase gastric acid secretion.

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14
Q

V1 receptor

A

Gq. VAsopressin. vasoconstriction.

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15
Q

V2 receptor.

A

Gs. Vasopressin. water permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules.

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16
Q

Gs

A

stimulate adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP and stimulate PKA to increase [CA2+].

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17
Q

Gi

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase to decrease cAMP and not stimulate PKA to increase [CA2+].

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18
Q

Gq

A

activate phospholipase C to cleave PIP2 to DAG and IP3. activate PKC and increase [Ca2+].

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19
Q

Cholinomimetic. direct agonist. treat ileus and urinary retention. activates bowel and bladder. resistant to AChE.

A

bethanechol

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20
Q

Cholinomimetic. direct agonist. causes pupillary constriction to treat glaucoma and relieve intraocular pressure.

A

carbachol

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21
Q

Cholinomimetic. direct agonist. stimulate sweat, tears, and saliva. treat wide and and closed-angle glaucoma. resistant to AChE.

A

pilocarpine

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22
Q

Cholinomimetic. direct agonist. challenge test for Dx of asthma

A

methacholine

23
Q

Cholinomimetic. indirect agonist (anti-AChE). treat ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMJ blockade. no CNS penetration.

A

neostigmine

24
Q

Cholinomimetic. indirect agonist (anti-AChE). long acting for myasthenia gravis. does not penetrate CNS.

A

pyridostigmine.

25
Q

Cholinomimetic. indirect agonist (anti-AChE). reverses anti-cholinergic toxicity (atropine). crosses BBB.

A

physostigmine

26
Q

Cholinomimetic. indirect agonist (anti-AChE). treat Alzheimer’s.

A

Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine.

27
Q

Cholinomimetic. indirect agonist (anti-AChE). historically, Dx of myasthenia gravis.

A

edrophonium

28
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. Eye. produce mydriasis and cycloplegia.

A

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide.

29
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. CNS. Parkinsons.

A

Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl

30
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. CNS. motion sickness, anti-emetic.

A

Scopolamine

31
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. respiratory. COPD and asthma.

A

Ipratropium and tiotropium.

32
Q

Muscarinic antagonist.genitourinary. reduce urgency and bladder spams.

A

Oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin.

33
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. GI and respiratory. reduce airway secretion, drooling, and peptic ulcer.

A

Glycopyrrolate

34
Q

Muscarinic antagonist. treat bradycardia and ophthalmic applications. SE: fever, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation.

A

atropine.

35
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. B>a. treat anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension, alpha predominates at high dose.

A

epinephrine

36
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. a1>a2>B1. treat hypotension (decrease renal perfusion).

A

norepinephrine

37
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. B1=B2. electrophysiological eval of tachyarrhythmias. can worsen ischemia.

A

isoproterenol

38
Q

Direct sympathomimetic.D1=D2.B.a. treat unstable bradycardia, heart failure, shock. ionotrophic and chronotrophic at high doses (a1)

A

dopamine

39
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. B1>B2, a. treat heart failure (ionotrophic> chronotrophic), cardiac stress testing

A

dobutamine

40
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. a1.a2. treat hypotension, ocular procedures, rhinitis

A

phenylephrine

41
Q

Direct sympathomimetic. B2>B1. treat asthma, premature uterine contraction.

A

albuterol (acute asthma), salmeterol (long-term asthma), and terbutaline (uterine contraction).

42
Q

Indirect sympathomimetic. reuptake inhibitor and release stored catecholamines. narcolepsy, obesity, and ADD.

A

amphetamines.

43
Q

Indirect sympathomimetic. release stored catecholamines. nasal decongestant, urinary incontinence, and hypotension.

A

ephedrine

44
Q

Indirect sympathomimetic. reuptake inhibitor. vasoconstriction, local anesthesia. never give with beta-blocker (unopposed a1 and severe HTN)

A

cocaine

45
Q

sympatholytic. alpha2 agonist. HTN, ADHD, severe pain. SE: CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, pupil dilation.

A

clonidine

46
Q

sympatholytic. alpha2 agonist. HTN in pregnancy. SE: direct coombs test + for hemolytic anemia, SLE-like syndrome.

A

alpha-methyldopa.

47
Q

sympatholytic. non-selective alpha blocker. pre-op for pheochromocytoma (prevent HTN crisis). SE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia. irreversible.

A

phenoxybenzamine

48
Q

sympatholytic. non-selective alpha blocker. patients on MAO who eat tyramine-containing foods. reversible

A

phentolamine

49
Q

sympatholytic. alpha-1 selective blockers. urinary retention in BPH, PTSD, HTN. SE; 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension.

A

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin (-osin).

50
Q

sympatholytic. alpha-2 selective blocker. depression. SE: sedation, increase serum cholesterol, and appetite.

A

Mirtazapine

51
Q

sympatholytic. selective Beta-1 blockers. angina, MI, AVT (class 2 anti-arrhythmic), HTN, CHF, Glaucoma.

A

acebutolol, atenolol, bexatolol, esmolol, metoprolol. (A-M, first half of alphabet)

52
Q

sympatholytic. non-selective Beta blockers.

A

nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, timolol. (N-Z, second half of alphabet).

53
Q

sympatholytic. non-selective alpha and Beta blockers.

A

carvedilol, labetalol. (-ilol, -alol, not -olol)

Pharm (17 decks)

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