anti-viral Flashcards
inhibit neuraminidase, decrease release of progeny. Influenza A and B
Zanamivir, oseltamivir
block inosine monophosphate, inhibiting guanine formation. RSV, HepC.
ribavirin
Guanosine analogue. Phosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. 3phos form inhibits DNA polymerase. HSV and VZV.
acyclovir, famcyclovir (herpes zoster) and valacyclovir (prodrug)
Guanosine analogue. Phosphorylated by CMV kinase. 3phos form inhibits DNA polymerase. CMV
Gancyclovir
inhibit viral DNA polymerase. pyrophosphate binding site. CMV retinitis. acyclovir-resistant HSV.
Foscarnet
inhibit viral DNA polymerase. CMV retinitis. acyclovir-resistant HSV. Nephrotoxicity
Cidofovir
HAART: AIDS defining illness, CD$<500, or high viral load
2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or 1 protease inhibitor or 1 integrase inhibitor
block HIV-1 protease (pol genes), which cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts.
Protease inhibitors: all end in -navir
inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate DNA chain. require phosphorylation
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI): zidovudie (ZDV, AZT), lamivudine (3TC), Tenofovir (TDF)
inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate DNA chain. no phosphorylation required.
Non-NRTI (NNRTI): efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine
inhibit HIV DNA integration into host genome. irreversibly inhibit HIV integrase.
integrase inhibitor: raltegavir
Binds gp41 inhibiting viral entry
Fusion inhibitor: enfuvirtide
Binds CCR5 on surface of T-cell/monocytes inhibiting interaction with gp120, inhibiting viral entry
Fusion inhibitor: maraviroc
glycoproteins normally synthesized by virus infected cells. wide range of anti-viral and anti-tumor effects.
Interferon: alpha, beta (MS), and gamma (chronic granulomatous disease)
