endocrine Flashcards
rapid acting insulin. increase liver store of glycogen, muscle glycogen, protein synth and K+ intake, and increase TG storage. treat DM1, DM2, and GDM.
lispro, aspart, glulisine
short acting insulin
regular insulin
intermediate acting insulin
NPH
long acting insulin
glargine and detemir
exact mechanism unknown. decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis and peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity). 1st line in DM2. SE: lactic acidosis
metformin
Close K+ channels in Beta-cell membrane to depolarize and trigger insulin release via Ca2+ influx. DM2. SE: hypoglycemia.
Sulfonylureas
first gen: tolbutamide, chlorpropamide.
2nd gen: Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide
increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue. binds PPAR-alpha nuclear transcription factor. DM2. SE; heart failure
Thiazolidinediones/glitazones: pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
inhibit intestinal brush boarder alpha-glucosidases. decrease postprandial hyperglycemia. DM2. SE: GI.
Acarbose, Miglitol
decrease gastric emptying and decrease glucagon. DM1 and 2.
Amylin analog: Pramlintide
GLP-1 analogs:=. increase insulin after meals and decrease glucagon release. DM2.
exenatide, liraglutide
DPP-4 inhibitors. prevent breakdown of GLP-1. increase insulin and decrease glucagon release. DM2.
linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
block thyroid peroxidase, inhibiting oxidation and organification of iodide thus inhibition of thyroid hormone synth. treat hyperthyroidism.
methimazole, Propylthiouracil (pregnancy)
Thyroxine replacement. treat hypothyroidism. SE: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias.
Levothyroxine (L4) and triiodothyronine (L3)
treat GH deficiency and Turner syndrome
GH
inhibits release of everything. treat Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices.
somatostatin: octreotide
