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Pharm > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

bind penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), block transpeptidase cross linking of peptidoglycan

A

Beta-lactams

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2
Q

Beta-lactam, most gram + organisms, plus N. meningitis and syphillus. penicillinase sensitive (a beta-lactamase)

A

Penicillin G (IV/IM) and V (oral)

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3
Q

Beta-lactam. penicillinase sensitive. combo with clavulonic acid to protect. extended spectrum penicillin.

A

Amoxicillin (oral) and ampicillin

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4
Q

Beta-lactam. penicillinase resistant. Staph aureus (not MRSA).

A

oxacillin, nafacillin, dicloxacillin

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5
Q

Extended spectrum Beta0lactams. Pseudomonas and G- rods. penicillinase sensitive

A

ticarcillin, piperacillin

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6
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulonic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam (CAST)

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7
Q

BEta-lactams, less susceptible to penacillinase. BActeriacidal. do not cover Listeria, Atypicals, MRSA, and Enterococcus (LAME)

A

Cephalosporins

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8
Q

Beta lactams, G+ cocci, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (PEcK)

A

1st gen cephalosporins: Cefazolin and cephalexin

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9
Q

Beta-lactams. 1st gen (PEck) plus Haemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, and Serratia (HEN PEcKS)

A

2nd gen cephalosporins: cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime

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10
Q

Beta-lactams. serious G- resistant to other beta-lactams. Meningitis, gonorrhea, Pseudomonas

A

3rd gen cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone (meningitis, gonorrhea), cefotaxime, and ceftazidime (Pseudomonas)

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11
Q

Beta-lactam, increase activity against Pseuomonas and G+.

A

4th gen cephalosporins: cefepime

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12
Q

Beta-lactam, broad G+ and G-, including MRSA. NOT Pseudomonas

A

5th gen cephalosporins: ceftaroline

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13
Q

Binds PBPs, penicillimase resistant. G- rods in patients w/Pen allergies or renal insufficiency (Aminoglycosides)

A

Aztreonam (monobactam)

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14
Q

block peptidoglycan cross linking, broad spectrum, penicillimase resistant. only life threatening infection (CNS toxicity)

A

Carbapenems: imipenem, meropenen, ertapenem, doripenem

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15
Q

inhibit peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala D-ala. Multidrug resistant organisms.

A

Vancomycin

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16
Q

inhibit initiation complex of 30s. misreading mRNA. sever G- rods. ineffective against anaerobes. Nephro/ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides: gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

17
Q

binds 30s and inhibit tRNA binding. Borrelia, M. pneumonia, intracel (rickettsia and chlamydia)

A

Tetracyclines: doxycycline, minocycline

18
Q

binds 23s rRNA in 50s, preventing translocation. atypical pneumonia, STDs, and G+ cocci

A

Macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

19
Q

Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50s. Meningitis and Rocky Mountain Spotted fever. cheap, devo countries

A

Chloamphenicol

20
Q

Block translocation at 50s. anaerobes above the diaphragm (RT). SE: C diff.

A

Clindamycin

21
Q

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) antimetabolite, blocks dihydropteroate synthetase. Inhibit folate synth.

A

Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine

22
Q

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. block folate synth. UTI. tough on bone marrow.

A

Trimethoprim (TMP)

23
Q

inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV. not w/anat-acids. G- rods in GI and GU.

A

Flouroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin and other -floxacins

24
Q

free radical formation. Anaerobes below diaphragm, protozoa, H. pylori. disulfiram-like rxn w/alcohol

A

Metronidazol

25
Q

decrease synth of mycolic acid. solo prophylaxis of TB. Neurotoxic and Hepatotoxic

A

Isoniazid

26
Q

inhibit DNA-dependant RNA-polymerase. TB, leprosy. P-450 inducer, orange body fluids

A

Rifampin, rifabutin.

27
Q

mechanism unsure. acdify intracellular environment. Treat TB.

A

Pyrazinamide

28
Q

block arabinosyltransferase, inhibit carbohydrate cell wall polymerization of TB. red-green color blind.

A

Ethambutol

Pharm (17 decks)

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